Rotavirus infection in adults resemble SARS. With the development intestinal flu the nasal mucosa swells, pain appears when swallowing food. The disease is accompanied by fever. The clinical picture, reminiscent of SARS, disappears after 3-5 days. In the future, symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases appear.

Signs of rotavirus infection in adults

Intestinal flu is manifested by gastroenteritis. With this disorder, the mucous membranes of the stomach become inflamed. The consequence of rotavirus infection in adults can be dehydration. Illiterate or untimely treatment is fraught with a fatal outcome. If you have symptoms of rotavirus infection, you should consult a doctor. The therapy is individual. It depends on the severity of the pathology.

With a diagnosis of Rotavirus infection, the doctor prescribes medications to help overcome the symptoms of intoxication. Certain drugs prevent dehydration. Therapy is not complete without diet. Medical nutrition is prescribed for a period of 15 days. In order not to aggravate the course of the disease, physical activity should be abandoned.

Methods of infection

Children are more prone to stomach flu. Rota infestation viral infection happens because the child forgets to wash his hands. The source of infection is unwashed vegetables and fruits. On their surface, intestinal flu bacteria can be found. Rotavirus infection affects those who eat low-quality or expired foods. Intestinal flu is often transmitted by contact-household method. A patient with such a diagnosis is a source of infection.

A common cause of intestinal flu is the consumption of low-quality foods. To avoid dangerous pathology, you need to buy good meat and fry it thoroughly. It is worth giving up a steak with blood. Infection is possible through the use of fish. Seafood must be thoroughly cooked. It is necessary to buy fish in trusted supermarkets. To avoid rotavirus infection, high-quality dairy products should be consumed. Under no circumstances should you buy in advance.

Intestinal flu affects those who drink tap water. Contaminated water can cause deadly pathology. If a person is forced to come into contact with soil, the risk of contracting intestinal flu is higher. To avoid illness, you should use your hygiene items. Rotavirus infection affects the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. It is excreted from the body naturally. If an infected person lives in the house, hygiene items should be separated. Restrooms need to be disinfected regularly.

Clinical picture

The incubation period of rotavirus lasts from five hours to several days. The duration of the latent phase depends on the state of immunity. Initially, signs of a respiratory viral disease appear. On the first and second day the temperature reaches 38 degrees. Intestinal flu is manifested by fever, discomfort when swallowing food.

A characteristic symptom of rotavirus infection in adults is a dry cough. An intestinal infection can be confused with tonsillitis, as it is manifested by swelling of the larynx and sore throat. In elderly patients, all disorders appear, since their immunity is weakened.

On the second and third days there is a watery diarrhea with blood. The stool may be frothy. Depending on the nature of the disease, vomiting occurs 2-3 times a day. The patient does not see particles of bile or blood in it. The vomit does not emit a strong odor. The symptom is usually accompanied by spasms of the intestines. Rotavirus infection is also manifested by flatulence. The patient feels heaviness in the gastrointestinal tract, regardless of food. There are cases when pathology leads to conjunctivitis, a disease in which the conjunctiva becomes inflamed.

The manifestation of the disease in children

Rotavirus infection affects not only adults, but also children under the age of five. The body of a child who has reached the age of five is immune to this pathology. Transmission of the pathogen is possible from mother to child. This method of infection is called transplacental. An epidemic of intestinal flu can be in kindergartens, schools, and any other institutions.

Symptoms in children are almost the same as in adults. In the first 2 days, fever occurs, symptoms of intoxication are observed. The child is worried about diarrhea, the stomach swells. characteristic feature rotavirus is a lack of appetite. Some children have impaired heartbeat skin becomes pale. In severe cases, intoxication lasts a week. Rotavirus in a child is accompanied by watery diarrhea. Diarrhea occurs several times a day. The stool has a yellow or gray color, it may contain greenish impurities. Some children experience cramping pains in the abdomen.

Just like in adults, intestinal flu is accompanied by a runny nose, cough, sore throat, but this is only early stages diseases. There are cases when the pathology is accompanied by acute respiratory viral infections, acute respiratory infections or the common cold. Intestinal flu can occur against the background of salmonellosis and manifest itself as severe vomiting, intoxication, and frequent stools.

Diagnostics and methods of therapy

To cure rotavirus infection, you need to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis. It is important to distinguish intestinal flu from infections with similar symptoms. In severe cases, hospital treatment is required.

Goals of therapeutic measures:

• make the patient feel better;
• restore water-salt balance;
• ensure the prevention of dehydration and relapse of the disease.

Drugs prescribed by a doctor cleanse the body of toxins that rotavirus secretes. Sorbents give good results. They absorb the harmful substances produced by the virus. In the future, the patient gets rid of the symptoms of the disease. The most popular sorbents are Smecta and Polysorb. They are taken several times a day.

Drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent dehydration. If it has already happened, the doctor performs rehydration therapy using saline solutions. Medicines normalize the water-salt balance, improve kidney function and compensate for the lack of fluid. For the treatment of rotavirus, Regidron is prescribed. The drug is available in the form of a powder. It is dissolved in 1 liter of water and taken 1 tbsp. l. during the day. If severe dehydration occurs, the patient is hospitalized. Enter glucose solution intravenously.

What is the treatment for rotavirus infection in adults? Digestive enzymes can be prescribed: Mezim forte or Creon. Medicines eliminate pain in the stomach, help overcome flatulence. Probiotics restore the intestinal microflora, and also provide prevention of recurrence of the disease. The doctor prescribes Bifiform or Linex. At the end of treatment, vitamin therapy is required. All medicines are prescribed by the attending physician. Self-therapy is unacceptable. The patient should follow the doctor's recommendations and not exceed the indicated dosages.

If hyperkalemia or hypermagnesemia is detected, drugs with magnesium and potassium are not prescribed. In some patients, the body temperature reaches 38 degrees. In this case, antipyretics (Paracetamol) are recommended. If the mark is kept at 37 degrees, taking such medications is not advisable.

An intestinal infection is accompanied by a cough. In this regard, you need to take medicines that soften the throat. Effective Broncholitin. To prevent irritation of the mucous membranes of the throat, you should drink warm tea. Diazolin is prescribed for the prevention of allergies. This drug blocks histamine. How long does a rotavirus infection last in adults - patients are interested. If you properly treat intestinal flu, it passes in a week. For those who have a weakened immune system, the doctor prescribes antiviral agents. They help the body faster than the pathogen.

Antibiotic treatment

Antibiotics are given to kill bacteria, and the flu is caused by viruses. Professor Komarovsky argues that the treatment of rotavirus with antibiotics does not work. However, these medicines may be prescribed for treatment. Blood impurities in the stool are preliminarily detected, and the likelihood of cholera is analyzed. An indication for taking antibiotics is prolonged diarrhea. If it does not stop for 8 days, the doctor decides on the use of antibiotics. There are times when intestinal flu occurs against the background of a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are also prescribed for a speedy recovery.

Description of drugs

There are natural and artificially synthesized antibiotics. This term refers to substances that inhibit the activity of bacteria that provoke infectious diseases. Antibiotics are available in the form of tablets, sprays, injections, suspensions. Medicines intended for oral administration are rapidly absorbed into the intestinal wall.

Preparations for the treatment of rotavirus infection.

1. Enterofuril. The active ingredient is nifuroxazide. The drug is available in the form of tablets.
2. Lorakson. The medicine is based on ceftriaxone. Available in the form of a powder or solution for injection. Lorakson is intended for intravenous administration.
3. Macrofoam. It is a macrolide containing midecamycin. Available in the form of tablets and granules for suspensions.

The child is more often prescribed suspensions. They make a syrup that tastes good. An adult is prescribed tablets, solutions for infusion. The latter are recognized as the most effective, although their use is not very pleasant for the patient.

Antibiotics during pregnancy

Doctors try not to prescribe these drugs to pregnant women, as the health of the child may suffer. Loraxone is prohibited in the last trimester of pregnancy. Antibiotics have contraindications. They are not prescribed if the body is hypersensitive to one of the components. Enterofuril is not recommended for infants. The drug is also available in the form of capsules. They can be assigned to a child who is already 7 years old. Loraxone is prohibited for patients who have renal or hepatic insufficiency. Macropen is contraindicated in renal failure.

Possible side effects

The likelihood of their occurrence depends on the composition of the drug. Patients normally tolerate Enterofuril. In isolated cases, it causes hives. Loraxon has more side effects. It can lead to dizziness, migraines, vomiting, stomach and intestinal discomfort. Very rarely, the drug provokes colitis. There is also Rotarix. Solutions for injection in isolated cases cause abscesses. The dosage depends on how severe the disease is. The dose of Lorakson should not exceed 70 mg per 1 kg of body weight. The medicine is taken 2 times a day. Macropen can be prescribed to adults and children. The frequency of admission is 1 tablet 1 time per day. Treatment of rotavirus in adults is individual, dosages are different.

Overdose symptoms

To avoid side effects you have to follow the instructions. Symptoms of an overdose are indicated in the description of the medicine. If the patient exceeds the indicated dosages, convulsions occur. The most severe adverse reactions are encephalopathy and coma. Even a slight excess of the dose leads to side symptoms, including intoxication and vomiting.

If the doctor has prescribed antibiotics, enterosorbents should be abandoned, otherwise the effect of the latter will be reduced. Enterofuril is not compatible with drugs containing ethyl alcohol. Loraxon is not taken in the treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Simultaneous use leads to bleeding.

Treatment of the disease in children

To avoid the consequences of the disease, you need to diagnose it in time. The doctor will prescribe a therapy that will help make up for the lack of fluid in the body. Children are prescribed rehydration medications. Dosages are individual. Also prescribe sorbents, drugs that bind the virus. These funds are taken no longer than three days. The disadvantage of enterosorbents is that they can provoke constipation, which adversely affects the health of the child.

To speed up recovery, you need to remove toxins from the body. However, parents must follow all doctor's instructions. The child may be contraindicated in folk remedies. The intestinal microflora is sensitive. For this reason, the doctor does not prescribe antibiotics or prescribes in extreme cases. The baby must follow a diet. The doctor advises eating cereals, mashed potatoes, baked apples. The child should receive food often, but in small portions.

Folk remedies for diarrhea

Intestinal flu is accompanied by diarrhea. To eliminate this symptom, you need to take decoctions.

The following folk remedies are effective.

• Take 2 tbsp. l. oak bark, pour water in an amount of 800 ml and boil for 15 minutes. The product cools down for 5 minutes, after which it becomes ready for use. The dosage is 15 g. The frequency of admission is 5 times a day.
• Calamus root also has a fixing effect. To prepare a healing agent, take 2 tbsp. l of this plant, pour water in an amount of 850 ml, boil for 15 minutes, then cool and use in the same way. The course of therapy lasts 5-7 days. Folk remedies are taken in addition to medicines and only in the absence of allergies.
• Potentilla root can be used. It is enough to take 1 tbsp. l. and place in 700 ml of boiling water. The medicine is boiled for 15 minutes, take 20 ml 3 times in 2 days.
• Grass lungwort. For cooking medicinal product you need to take 30 g of this product and pour water in an amount of 900 ml. The decoction is drunk 100 ml 6 times in two days.
• Blackberry leaves remove poisons and toxins. To prepare the infusion, take 15 g of the herbal product and pour 800 ml of water. The drug is taken 100 g three times a day.
• Take 10 g of dry wormwood and marshmallow, pour boiling water in an amount of 400 ml, cook for 20 minutes, then cool and consume 1 tbsp. l. three times a day.
• This medication will help prevent dehydration. For cooking, you need to take one part of knotweed and two parts of plantain herb. The ingredients are poured into 350 ml of water, cooled, consumed 110 ml twice a day. The course of therapy lasts 3 days.

More about the diet

The patient should exclude products containing milk protein from their diet. You should refuse milk, yogurt, cottage cheese. Failure to comply with this rule leads to an increase in the symptoms of the disease. The goals of the diet are to reduce stress on the gut and reduce inflammatory responses. For the first 4 days, the patient eats pureed food. It is recommended to eat rice water. They gently affect the intestinal mucosa and prevent diarrhea. During the treatment period, fresh bread should be excluded from the diet. It should be replaced with a dry one.

It is necessary to exclude from the diet:

• grilled meat;
• dairy;
• soda;
• baking;
• cabbage;
• cocoa beans.

These foods cause bloating. In order not to irritate the gastrointestinal tract, you need to gradually introduce raw vegetables into the diet. When the body adapts to them, it will be possible to include dairy products in the diet. At first, eat 50 g of low-fat cottage cheese 1 time in 2 days. On the fifth day after the diet, drink 100 ml of yogurt.

Rotavirus infection is also known as the intestinal flu. This is enough dangerous disease which occurs more frequently in children. Adults tolerate pathology more easily, thanks to the developed immunity. Intestinal flu appears In addition to these symptoms, other signs may be present: nausea, loss of appetite, fever, headache, runny nose, and so on. Each person's body reacts to the pathogen differently.

In order not to be in a dangerous situation, you need to know what medicines are available for rotavirus. However, self-medication is not worth it. If signs of infection appear, you should consult a doctor. It is especially dangerous to carry out therapy on your own in young children.

Prevention of rotavirus in children

Medicines will not have to be taken if you remember this disease and regularly carry out its prevention. You need to know the sources of infection. The bulk of the virus is transmitted through dirty hands. Items and clothing, personal hygiene products - everything is capable of retaining intestinal flu on its surface. If an infected person holds onto a handrail on a bus or uses a basket in a supermarket, then after him there is a huge amount of microbes that can affect more than one person. The infection can be transmitted through toys, food, water.

To protect your child, teach him to wash his hands all the time and use only personal hygiene products. Immediately after returning from the street, the baby should use antibacterial soap. The use of antiseptic gels is also encouraged in cases where there is no water nearby. It can be carried out with the help of medicines for the prevention of rotavirus. The drugs used for this are sorbents and probiotics. But these drugs will not give a guarantee of protection if the rules of antiseptics are not followed.

Treatment of the disease: a list of necessary funds

What medicine for rotavirus to use when infected? A specialist should prescribe a treatment regimen and prescribe certain drugs. Show the baby to a pediatrician or infectious disease specialist. You may need to take some tests. The list of prescribed drugs may be different. Doctors usually use the following medications:

• symptomatic remedies (from and diarrhea);
• cleansing (sorbents and enterosorbents);
• improving well-being (antipyretic and analgesic, antispasmodics);
• replenishing fluid deficiency;
• antibiotics and antivirals;
• immunomodulators;
• restoring the intestinal microflora.

According to individual indications, drugs of other directions may be prescribed. Consider what medications are used for rotavirus.

Remedies for diarrhea

Not a single intestinal flu goes away without indigestion. Diarrhea is a constant companion of infection. Diarrhea is called frequent liquid stool accompanied by flatulence, abdominal pain. Often, fecal masses acquire greenish color and foamy texture. What medicines for rotavirus are effective in this case?

Loperamide-based drugs will help you with diarrhea. Them trade names- "Loperamide Stada", "Imodium", "Loperamide", "Lopedium", "Superilol". All of them are contraindicated for children under the age of two years. Some formulations are not assigned to children under 6 years of age. It is also forbidden to take these funds for severe liver failure and suspected intestinal obstruction. Less commonly prescribed drugs based on diphenoxylate.

Drugs that fight vomiting

The second most common symptom of an intestinal infection is nausea and vomiting. They don't happen to everyone. Children are most susceptible to such manifestations. younger age. In adults, this symptomatology is found quite rarely. If from each fluid intake, then inpatient treatment is necessary. For rare attacks, outpatient therapy is possible.

Medicines for rotavirus that fight vomiting are different. The doctor may prescribe medications based on domperidone. These are drugs such as Motilium, Motilak, Passazhiks, Domstal and others. They are available in the form of suspensions and tablets. The latter form, due to the high dosage, is not prescribed for children under 5 years of age.

Doctors also use drugs based on metoclopramide. These are drugs such as Cerucal, Reglan, Metamol, Perinorm. It is forbidden to use these funds during pregnancy and lactation, with intestinal obstruction and bleeding in this area.

Medicines that restore electrolyte and water balance

The next medicine for rotavirus that may be prescribed by a doctor is a rehydration solution. During diarrhea and frequent vomiting, dehydration occurs. This condition is dangerous for an adult, and in a child it can even be fatal. When the body is dehydrated, the blood thickens, and there is a risk of blood clots. Death occurs with a fluid deficiency of more than 20%. Recovery normal level electrolytes, salt and water in the body, the following drugs are used:

• "Sodium bicarbonate" (used for infectious dehydration).
• "Sodium chloride" (prescribed during acute diarrhea).
• "Sodium citrate" (recommended for blood clots).

In the pharmacy chain you can purchase a complex medicine: Regidron, Citraglucosolan, Hydrovit Forte. They include citrate, potassium chloride and anhydrous dextrose. These medications are usually available in powder form. The bulk substance must be diluted before use and consumed in small portions at short intervals.

Medications to prevent poisoning

During an infection, a cleansing medicine for rotavirus is sure to be applied. Sorbents have different forms of release. You can buy tablets, powders, gels, pastes or solutions. Consult with your doctor and choose the most suitable remedy. The most popular drugs used for rotavirus are Polyphepan, Enterosgel, Polysorb and Activated charcoal.

Please note that the medicines described must be taken separately from other medicines. All sorbents remove toxins and poisons from the body. At the same time, they eliminate the therapeutic effect of the drugs taken. Such formulations are used regardless of age and concomitant diseases. They are not absorbed into the bloodstream and are excreted in their original form.

Antiviral formulations

What is the medicine for rotavirus in children? When pathology appears in babies, doctors recommend the use of antiviral compounds. The child's body is weak enough to cope with the problem on its own. Immunomodulating agents will help restore the body's resistance and cope with viruses.

The most popular medicines are:

• "Anaferon" (affinity purified antibodies to interferon).
• "Ergoferon" (antibodies to interferon gamma).
• "Cytovir" (thymogen, benzazole, ascorbic acid) and so on.

The same list includes rectal suppositories based on interferon: "Kipferon", "Genferon", "Viferon". Some drugs can only be used after a year. Therefore, it is advisable to read the instructions before use.

Antiseptics for the intestines

What medications are used for rotavirus at sea? Infection obtained from a public reservoir is often bacterial in nature. Such a disease involves the use of antiseptics and antimicrobial compounds. These include Ersefuril, Stopdiar, Enterofuril and others. They include the main component nifuroxazide.

Given active substance works exclusively in the intestines. It is not absorbed into the blood, so it can be prescribed to children of the first year of life. The drug does not have a negative effect and does not cause adverse reactions. You need to take the medicine no more than 7, but not less than 5 days.

Complexes of beneficial bacteria

Currently, all these drugs are divided into probiotics and prebiotics. What to choose with rotavirus? After all, most often the doctor gives the patient freedom in this matter. First you need to figure out what those and other drugs are for.

Probiotics are complex means containing in its composition beneficial bacteria (lacto-, bifido-, non-pathogenic colonies of Escherichia coli and others). Prebiotics are medications that feed on existing beneficial bacteria. Such drugs also help to improve digestion and normalize the balance of bacteria in the body.

Rotavirus medicine should be a probiotic. During illness, diarrhea removes all good substances from the intestines, sorbents eliminate harmful microorganisms along with useful ones. The antibiotics used also negatively affect the microflora. In this regard, the means to restore the normal flora should contain bacteria, and not substances that promote their growth. Such medicines include Linex, Acipol, Bifiform, Imoflora, Primadophilus and many others.

Content

If severe vomiting, diarrhea, fever plus a runny nose or sore throat occur, these symptoms suggest a rotavirus infection. The disease is characterized by the development of gastroenteritis, in which the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines become inflamed. This acute viral pathology affects both children and adults.

How to Treat an Intestinal Infection

What to do if a child gets sick? How to treat rotavirus infection, colloquially - intestinal flu? An ambulance should be called immediately. However, while “03” is driving, you need to give the child the first first aid. The most dangerous thing is the rapid onset of dehydration, especially in babies. It is necessary to give the body a maximum of liquids - even from a syringe or a rubber bulb. Best of all - tea, weakly brewed, very sweet and slightly salted. You can’t feed a child - one kind of food causes nausea! The baby needs to be turned on its side so that when vomiting, the baby could not choke.

If the emergency doctor insists on hospitalization of the child, you should not resist. If his condition does not cause anxiety, the doctor allows therapy at home. Parents are worried: how to treat rotavirus infection? What drugs are more effective? Alas, there is no cure for rotavirus specifically created to destroy it.

Treatment both in the hospital and at home is only symptomatic, the purpose of which is to eliminate the painful manifestations of the pathology:

• dehydration;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea
• high temperature;
• dysbacteriosis;
• weakening of the immune system.

For stomach and intestinal disorders, prolonged diarrhea are effective Enterofuril, Enterol, Furazolidone. How to treat rotavirus if a child has severe stomach pain? Good help No-shpa, Riabal. Rotavirus ceases to show its aggressiveness at a temperature of about 38 ° C, so it is not necessary to reduce it with drugs. If the thermometer shows 39 ° C and above, a small child should be treated with Cefekon suppositories, older children with Paracetamol. Adults can be given aspirin.

To remove toxins, you need to take adsorbents, to restore beneficial intestinal microflora - probiotics (Bactisubtil, Bifilakta, Symbiter) and enzymes (Pancreatin, Festal, Panzinorm). During pregnancy, rotaviruses do not threaten the development of the fetus. Treatment is reduced mainly to the intensive replenishment of fluid reserves. It is safe to take sorbents, probiotics, enzymes. Antipyretic drugs should be used to treat rotavirus infection only in case of a severe febrile condition caused by high temperature.

Diet for rotavirus infection

Since this pathology is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, it is very important to eat right in order to relieve the severity of painful symptoms. With rotavirus, the intestines temporarily lose the ability to digest lactose (milk sugar). In this regard, it is strictly forbidden to consume dairy products that provoke an increase in diarrhea. For babies, mixtures of Nan, Nestogen without lactose are safe.

If the baby refuses food, do not force him. As soon as the child's condition improves a little, he will ask for food. Nutrition for rotavirus infection should be very moderate. You should give watery mashed potatoes, boiled rice porridge(on the water). The diet can include lean boiled chicken, jelly, baked apples. Allowed biscuits, croquettes, dry bagels, bananas. However, nothing greasy and fried! Fresh vegetables and fruits, juices, carbonated drinks, any sweets, rich pastries should be excluded.

Sorbent medicine for rotavirus infection

There are drugs that have the ability to absorb toxins that accumulate in digestive tract. Their use is mandatory for intestinal flu. At home, activated charcoal is often used. A single dose is determined at the rate of 1 tablet - for every 10 kg of the weight of a sick person. However, rotavirus infection can be treated more effective means: Smecta, Enterosgel. Take sorbents should be 5-6 days.

What to drink with rotavirus infection

Rehydration therapy helps to replenish the loss of fluid and important compounds of potassium, sodium along with it, as well as restore the acid-base balance in the body. In hospitals, droppers with Ringer's or Trisoli's solutions are placed for this. You can treat the infection at home with Regidron powder. For adults and adolescents, a sachet is dissolved in 1 liter of chilled boiled water, for small children - 1/4 sachet. In addition, you can drink cranberry juice, infusions of wild rose, raisins, dried fruit compotes.

Antivirals

To combat rapidly multiplying viruses, the body produces interferon, the reserves of which can be increased by taking drugs - analogues of this endogenous compound. How to treat rotavirus:

1. A five-day course is used for Viferon suppositories, Lipoferon suspension, Cycloferon, Kagocel tablets.
2. The innovative antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drug Ingavirin effectively increases the level of interferon in the body. Treatment can be accelerated by injections of Immunoglobulin.

antibiotic

Doctors do not prescribe antibiotics for this ailment, since they have absolutely no effect on viruses. In addition, antibiotics often cause the development of dysbacteriosis. However, gastric or intestinal inflammation is often complicated by a bacterial infection. This can be judged by high temperature, blood tests, feces. In this case, it is necessary to treat the disease using antimicrobial and antidiarrheal drugs Enterofuril, Furazolidone, etc.

To avoid the disease, in order to prevent it, you should:

• always wash your hands before eating;
• drink only boiled, filtered or bottled water;
• pour boiling water over fruits, berries, vegetables;
• wash children's dishes, toys with a solution of mustard or soda;
• disinfect all door handles periodically.

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The site provides reference information for informational purposes only. Diagnosis and treatment of diseases should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist. All drugs have contraindications. Expert advice is required!

What is the treatment for rotavirus infection?

Treatment rotavirus infection should be started as early as possible, which will normalize the patient's condition and prevent the development of complications.

The goals of treatment for rotavirus infection are:

• recovery of lost fluid ( fight against dehydration);
• removal of rotaviruses from the body;
• elimination of symptoms of the disease;
• proper nutrition;
• restoration of the digestive function of the intestine.

The basis of treatment is the correct and timely restoration of lost fluid. At the same time, a number of drug and non-drug agents are successfully used in this pathology.

First aid for children with rotavirus infection

If a child has signs of this disease, it is extremely important to provide him with first aid in a timely and correct manner, which will prevent the development of complications in the future.

First aid for a child with rotavirus infection should include:

• Prevention of dehydration. Dehydration is the main reason for the development of complications in rotavirus infection. The fact is that in an adult a profuse ( abundant) diarrhea for 1-2 days can cause severe dehydration. At the same time, in children under 3 years of age ( in which rotavirus infection is most common) severe dehydration can occur as early as 2 to 4 hours after the onset of the disease. To prevent this, the child must be given water. To do this, use liquids containing electrolytes - warm tea, compote, jelly, mineral water ( without gases), saline solutions, and so on. The amount of fluid should be approximately equal to the volume that the child loses with diarrhea and vomiting. This is especially important to consider when treating newborns and infants, since excessive water intake in their body can also be accompanied by the development of complications.
• Baby care. It is extremely important to ensure that during vomiting, a newborn or infant does not choke on vomit, which can lead to the development of pneumonia or even suffocation. To do this, you should constantly monitor the child, and during an attack of vomiting, turn him on his side. You should also regularly change the baby's diapers and toilet the anal area, as the impact of feces on the skin can lead to inflammation or even infection.
• isolation of a sick child. If there are several children in the family, it is extremely important to limit access to the sick child in time, which will prevent infection of other children. Immediately after signs of infection are detected, all family members should thoroughly wash their hands. None of the children should approach a sick child and touch him or his things ( especially diapers, clothes, underwear, toys and so on). The caregiver should also regularly wash their hands after each contact with the child or performing hygiene procedures, while avoiding touching healthy children with unwashed hands.
• Body temperature control. A pronounced increase in temperature in the first days of the disease is not typical for rotavirus infection. However, if the child's body temperature rises too high ( up to 39 degrees and above), which can lead to seizures. To prevent this, the child can be given antipyretic drugs ( for example, paracetamol suppositories, the dose of which is calculated depending on the age and weight of the baby). If the temperature continues to rise, you can undress the child and rub vinegar on him, which will temporarily cool his body.

If the above activities do not positive result, and the child's condition worsens, you should call ambulance or consult a doctor.

How many are in the hospital with rotavirus infection?

At mild degree disease and in a satisfactory condition of the patient, hospitalization is not required ( treatment can be done at home). At the same time, with a severe course of infection, as well as with the development of complications ( dehydration, high fever and so on, especially in children) shows hospitalization in infectious diseases hospital. In this case, extremely severe patients can be placed in the intensive care unit and intensive care where they will receive appropriate treatment.

In uncomplicated cases, the patient should remain in the hospital until all clinical manifestations of the disease have disappeared ( i.e. at least 5 – 7 days). At the same time, in case of violation of the functions of vital organs, with the development of complications from various body systems and in the presence of concomitant pathologies, the duration of hospitalization can be increased indefinitely ( until the patient's condition is stabilized).

Do I need an enema for rotavirus infection?

With rotavirus infection, an enema is not needed, as it will not help eliminate the manifestations of the disease or in any way affect its course. The fact is that the rotavirus that affects the intestines is not located in its lumen, but penetrates into the cells of the mucous membrane small intestine, destroying them and disrupting the absorption of nutrients, thereby contributing to the development of diarrhea. Therefore, performing an enema will not help clear the virus from the body, nor will it help prevent the development of diarrhea.

How to cure rotavirus infection with folk remedies at home?

Alternative treatment allows you to effectively deal with the symptoms of the disease, as well as prevent the development of some complications. At the same time, it is worth noting that the treatment is exclusively folk remedies ( without prior consultation with a specialist) may endanger the health of the patient. That is why before starting self-treatment, as well as when the patient's condition worsens against the background of the applied folk remedies you should seek immediate medical attention.

Alternative treatment for rotavirus infection may include:

• St. John's wort herb decoction. St. John's wort has a moderate anti-inflammatory effect, which allows you to normalize the condition of the mucous membrane of the small intestine. To prepare a decoction 20 grams ( 2 tablespoons) chopped herbs should be poured with 400 ml of boiling water and placed in a water bath for 15 - 20 minutes. After that, the broth should be allowed to cool, strain it thoroughly and add another 100 ml of boiled water. The resulting mixture should be taken orally 50 ml 3 times a day ( in a warm state).
• Infusion of chamomile flowers. Chamomile contains essential oils and flavonoids, which have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. This allows you to slow down the damage to the mucous membrane of the small intestine by inflammatory processes, as well as reduce the severity of the processes of putrefaction and fermentation in the large intestine ( due to the antimicrobial action of the drug). Moreover, the infusion has a moderate antispasmodic effect, that is, it prevents excessive contraction of the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, thereby reducing the severity of abdominal pain. To prepare the infusion, 2 tablespoons of chamomile flowers should be poured into 400 ml of boiling water and infused for 6 to 8 hours. Then the infusion should be filtered and taken orally 1 tablespoon 6-8 times a day ( for children from 1 to 3 years old - 1 teaspoon 3 - 8 times a day).
• Infusion of cherry fruits. Bird cherry fruit is an antidiarrheal agent that helps reduce the severity of diarrhea in rotavirus infection. This is due to the fact that the substances that make up the bird cherry fruit increase strength. blood vessels and tissues of the mucous membrane, thereby preventing the passage of fluid from the vascular bed into the intestinal lumen. To prepare an infusion of 25 grams of bird cherry fruit, pour 500 ml of boiling water and insist for 4 to 5 hours. After that, strain and take orally 100 ml 3-4 times a day ( for children from 1 to 3 years old - 1 - 2 teaspoons 8 - 10 times a day).
• electrolyte solution. With diarrhea and vomiting, the body loses not only fluid, but also electrolytes, which also need to be restored. To do this, you can buy ready-made powders for preparing solutions at the pharmacy or prepare such a solution yourself. To prepare the solution, take 1 teaspoon of salt, 4 teaspoons of sugar and half a teaspoon baking soda. The resulting mixture should be stirred in 1 liter of warm boiled water. The solution should be taken orally 1 tablespoon every 15 to 30 minutes or after each loose stool ( for children from 1 to 3 years - 1 teaspoon every 10 to 15 minutes or after each loose stool).

Can a child walk with a rotavirus infection?

With an uncomplicated course of the disease, it is not forbidden for a child to walk on the street, if his condition allows ( that is, if he does not have diarrhea, vomiting, fever, or abdominal pain). At the same time, it is worth remembering that a child can remain contagious for several days after the clinical manifestations of the disease subside, therefore, increased hygiene safety measures must be observed.

When walking with a child with rotavirus infection, you should:

• Wash your child's hands before leaving the house.
• Make sure that the child does not develop diarrhea during a walk. If diarrhea has begun, it is recommended to return home as soon as possible. At the same time, diapers or other personal hygiene products must be taken with you and destroyed at home. Do not throw them out on the street, as they can become a source of infection.
• Keep your child out of playgrounds. Even with careful observance of the rules of personal hygiene, the child can pollute the rides, swings or benches on which he sits.
• Avoid contact with other children. The reason for this is also an increased risk of infection of healthy children ( e.g. during games). That is why it is better to walk with the baby in the park, in the garden or in other places that are not crowded.

At the same time, it is worth noting that there are a number of contraindications, in the presence of which it is recommended to refrain from walking on the street.

Walking with a child with rotavirus infection is not recommended:

• If you have frequent diarrhea or vomiting. First, it will be extremely inconvenient ( for both mother and child). Secondly, the feces of a sick child contain a large number of rotaviruses, which increases the risk of infecting others and spreading the infection.
• In the presence of high temperature ( over 38 degrees). When the temperature rises, the child's body loses heat very quickly. If in such conditions you go out into the cool air, the baby may develop hypothermia or a cold.
• With concomitant infection respiratory tract. The development of rotavirus infection is often accompanied by a cold or flu, manifested by cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, and so on. Walking in cool air is not recommended for a child in this condition, as it can infect other children, and its general condition may also worsen. Instead of walking regularly, it is better ( 3 - 4 times a day) ventilate the room in which the child is located, while taking him to another room.
• For severe dehydration. If the child has lost a lot of fluid with diarrhea or vomiting ( what will be indicated by severe weakness, lethargy, dry skin and tongue, and so on), he should be immediately taken to the hospital for intensive treatment. At the same time, walking is prohibited, since on the street the child may become ill, he may feel dizzy or he may lose consciousness.

Medical treatment of rotavirus infection

Medicines are used to treat rotavirus infection and prevent the progression of the disease, as well as for the prevention and treatment possible complications and to restore the body during the recovery period.

Medical treatment may include:

• preparations for oral rehydration;

• diarrhea remedies;

antiviral drugs ( Viferon suppositories, tablets)

To date, there are no specific drugs that could destroy rotavirus in the intestinal mucosa. At the same time, with this pathology, immunomodulators are successfully used. These funds enhance the antiviral defense of the body, thereby contributing to the accelerated removal of the virus from the tissues and slowing down the processes of its development. The success of this method of treatment is also due to the fact that in most cases rotavirus infection develops against the background of reduced immunity and a weakening of the body's defenses.

Antiviral drugs for rotavirus infection

Name of the drug	Mechanism therapeutic action	Dosage and administration
Candles viferon(interferon alfa-2b)	The drug inhibits the reproduction of viruses, and also promotes the removal of viral particles from tissues.	Candles are administered rectally ( into the anus). Adults and children over 7 years old should be administered 1 viferon suppository ( 500,000 International Units, IU) 2 times a day ( morning and evening at the same time) within 5 days. The course dose is 10 suppositories. Children under 7 years of age are administered 1 suppository ( 150,000 IU) 2 times a day ( every 12 hours) within 5 days. If necessary, the course of treatment can be repeated no earlier than 5 days after the end of the previous one.
Cycloferon	Enhances the body's antiviral defenses by stimulating the formation of interferon ( natural antiviral agent).	Cycloferon is available in the form of tablets for oral administration. The drug should be taken 1 time per day on days 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 of treatment. A single dose is calculated depending on the age of the patient. Cycloferon should be taken in the morning, 30 minutes before eating food, drinking plenty of warm water.
Kagocel	Stimulates the formation of interferons in the tissues of the body, thereby strengthening the immune system.	This drug is used primarily to treat viral infections of the respiratory tract ( SARS, influenza). Given the fact that rotavirus infection often accompanies SARS, the use of Kagocel will help the body fight both diseases at once. Taking Kagocel tablets will blow you inward. Dosage and frequency of administration are calculated depending on the age of the patient.
Arbidol	It suppresses the reproduction of viruses that affect the respiratory tract, and also enhances the body's natural antiviral defense, thereby contributing to recovery from rotavirus infection.	Arbidol should be taken orally ( in the form of capsules), before meals, drinking 100 ml of warm boiled water. For children older than 6 years, the drug is prescribed 100 mg every 6 hours. The course of treatment is 5 days. Children over 12 years of age and adults are prescribed 200 mg of Arbidol 4 times a day for 5 days.
Anaferon	They have antiviral and immunomodulatory effects ( strengthen immunity).	Anaferon or ergoferon tablets should be dissolved in the mouth until completely dissolved. The treatment regimen is determined depending on the age of the patient. The course of treatment is usually 5 days, but if necessary, can be extended.
Ergoferon
Candles kipferon(CIP, complex immunoglobulin preparation)	A complex drug that stimulates the immune system and has its own antiviral activity.	Candles kipferon should be administered rectally, a single dose is 1 candle. The frequency of use depends on the age of the patient. Children under 1 year old are administered 1 suppository 1 time per day, children from 1 to 3 years old - 2 times a day, and children over 3 years old and adults - 3 times a day. The course of treatment is from 5 to 7 days.

Are antibiotics needed?

Antibiotics for rotavirus infection are not prescribed, as they will not help in the treatment of the disease.

Antibiotics are drugs that have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacterial cells ( disrupt the processes of their vital activity, causing their death or slowing down the processes of their development). At the same time, viruses including rotavirus.) are particles of genetic material that are many thousands of times smaller than bacteria and are not even cells. Life cycle virus begins and proceeds in cells human body. That is why antibiotics do not affect the course of viral infections in any way and are not prescribed for their treatment.

oral rehydration ( rehydron)

Rehydration ( restoration of lost fluid and electrolytes) is a key point in the treatment of rotavirus infection. It is rapid dehydration against the background of diarrhea and vomiting that leads to a weakening of the body, a deterioration in the general well-being of the patient and the development of the most severe complications ( especially in young children).

To date, rehydrating agents have been developed and successfully used, which contain all the electrolytes necessary for the body in sufficient quantities. Their use allows you to compensate for fluid loss, thereby stabilizing the patient's condition and preventing the development of complications.

For the purpose of rehydration, you can use:

• trihydrone;
• hydrovit;
• hydrovit-forte;
• citroglucosolan and other drugs.

These drugs are available in the form of powders, which should be dissolved in a certain amount of liquid and taken orally. So, for example, rehydron powder should be dissolved in 1 liter of warm boiled water and taken 1-2 tablespoons every 15-20 minutes or after each liquid stool. For young children, the drug is dosed with teaspoons. The daily dose of rehydron is about 60 ml per 1 kilogram of the child's body weight.

It is worth noting that rehydrators do not reduce the frequency or intensity of stools or change their nature, nor do they affect other symptoms of rotavirus infection. They only prevent the development of dehydration and metabolic disorders associated with the loss of electrolytes.

Sorbents

Sorbents ( enterosorbents) are drugs that have the ability to bind and remove toxic substances from the intestinal lumen. This prevents the absorption of toxins formed during the destruction of the mucous membrane by rotaviruses, and also reduces the severity of gas formation in the large intestine ( due to the binding and excretion of food products that are not absorbed in the small intestine). In addition, some sorbents also have an enveloping effect. They create a protective film on the surface of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which prevents its further damage.

Sorbents for rotavirus infection

Name of the drug	Method of application and dosage
Activated carbon	Inside at the rate of 1 tablet ( 250 mg) per 10 kg of body weight 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment with activated charcoal should not exceed 2-3 days.
Enterosgel	This sorbent is available in the form of a paste and helps restore normal intestinal microflora. Adults are prescribed 1.5 tablespoons of enterosgel 3 times a day. Children from 5 to 14 years old are recommended to take 1 tablespoon 3 times a day, and children under 5 years old - 1 dessert spoon 3 times a day.
Polysorb	The drug is sold in powder form. To prepare a solution ( suspensions) the powder should be mixed in 100 ml of warm boiled water and drunk immediately after preparation. The dosage and frequency of use of Polysorb are calculated depending on the body weight or age of the patient.
Smecta	The drug not only binds and removes viral particles and toxic substances, but also protects the intestinal mucosa, reducing the severity of diarrhea. The drug is sold in the form of sachets, the contents of which ( powder) should be mixed in 100 ml of warm boiled water immediately before use. Children under 1 year old are prescribed 1 sachet of smecta 2 times a day, children over 1 year old - 1 sachet 4 times a day, and adults - 1 sachet 6 times a day. The course of treatment is 3 - 5 days.
Filtrum	The drug is available in the form of tablets of 400 mg each. The dosage of Filtrum is calculated depending on the age of the patient and the severity of his condition.

Diarrhea remedies

It should be noted right away that taking funds for diarrhea in acute stage rotavirus infection should be carefully, as in the case of the wrong choice of medication, this can lead to the development of complications. The point is that along with stool unprocessed food, excess fluid, toxins and bacteria are removed from the intestines. If you take drugs that weaken the activity of intestinal motility ( thereby eliminating diarrhea - for example, loperamide, lopedium, imodium and others), this will lead to stagnation of intestinal contents, the absorption of toxins into the blood and the development of formidable complications.

To fight diarrhea diarrhea) with rotavirus infection, drugs should be used that strengthen and protect the intestinal mucosa, thereby preventing the passage of fluid into its lumen, and also normalize the intestinal microflora, thereby improving digestion.

To combat diarrhea with rotavirus infection, you can use:

• Enterol. This drug has the properties of an enterosorbent ( binds toxins in the intestines), and also normalizes the microflora of the large intestine, thereby improving digestion, reducing the severity of gas formation and diarrhea. Enterol is available in the form of capsules. Children over 1 year old can be given 1 capsule 2 times a day, and children over 3 years old and adults - 2 capsules 2 times a day. The drug should be taken one hour before meals with 100 ml of warm water.
• Enterofuril. This drug in itself does not fight a viral infection, however, it helps to restore and maintain normal intestinal microflora. This prevents the development of pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal cavity, thereby reducing the duration of diarrhea in the later stages of the disease. Enterofuril is administered orally ( in the form of capsules). The dose depends on the age of the patient.

Antiemetics ( motilium, cerucal)

Antiemetics should be used only in cases where vomiting is repeated many times and causes significant inconvenience to the patient.

To eliminate vomiting with rotavirus infection, you can use:

• Cerucal ( metoclopramide). It improves the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and accelerates the movement of food through it, and also inhibits the vomiting center in the brain, thereby reducing the severity of nausea and preventing the development of vomiting. Cerucal should be taken orally at 5-10 mg every 6-8 hours.
• Motilium. It has the same mechanism of action as cerucal. For adults and children over 12 years of age, motilium is administered orally at 10 mg 3 times a day ( half an hour before meals).

It should be noted that repeated vomiting is not typical for rotavirus infection. If vomiting is repeated more than 4-5 times a day and does not subside for 1-2 days, this is a reason for a more complete examination of the patient, since the cause may be another disease or the development of bacterial complications.

Probiotics to restore digestion and intestinal microflora

Probiotics help restore normal intestinal microflora after subsiding acute manifestations rotavirus infection ( diarrhea and vomiting), thereby normalizing the process of digestion. The fact is that under normal conditions, certain bacteria live in the human intestine, which do not harm the body, but, on the contrary, take part in digestion and prevent the development of others ( pathogenic, dangerous) microorganisms. During the height of the disease, due to severe diarrhea, the normal microflora is removed from the intestine, and therefore a place is made for pathogenic bacteria that can begin to multiply actively, leading to the development of complications.

Probiotics are preparations containing certain bacteria that do not pose a danger to the human body, but inhibit the growth and development of pathogenic microorganisms in the large intestine, thereby creating favorable conditions for the restoration of its normal microflora.

To restore the intestinal microflora, you can take:

• Bifidumbacterin. Contains live bifidobacteria that inhibit the development pathogenic microflora in the intestines, contributing to the normalization of digestion and protecting the intestinal mucosa from additional damage. Bifidumbacterin can be taken orally ( as a powder to be dissolved in water or added to food) and administered rectally ( in the form of candles). The dosage is calculated depending on the age of the patient.
• Linex. Contains live lactic acid bacteria ( bifidobacteria, lactobacilli), which normalize the microflora and acidity of the intestinal contents. They create optimal conditions for the restoration of the intestinal mucosa, the activity of food enzymes and the normalization of digestion. Children under 3 years of age are prescribed 1 capsule 3 times a day. When prescribing Linex to newborns and infants ( who cannot swallow the capsule) you should open the capsule and pour its contents into food or mix with breast milk, and only then give the child. Children from 3 to 12 years old are prescribed 1-2 capsules 3 times a day, and adults - 2 capsules 3 times a day.
• Bifiform. The drug also contains lactic acid bacteria, which normalize digestion in the small and large intestines. During the acute period of rotavirus infection ( with diarrhea) bifiform can be taken orally 1 capsule 4 times a day, which will prevent the development of pathogenic microorganisms. After the diarrhea subsides, the drug should be taken 2-3 capsules per day ( one every 8 hours). The course of treatment is 2 - 3 weeks.

Do I need to bring down the temperature with rotavirus infection?

With rotavirus infection, the temperature should be brought down only if it rises to 38 - 39 degrees and above. Otherwise, a decrease in body temperature can only contribute to the development of the virus, without improving the patient's condition.

An increase in temperature is a natural protective reaction of the human body, which develops in response to the introduction of foreign microorganisms. The fact is that pathogenic microorganisms ( including rotaviruses) can exist only under strictly defined conditions, one of which is the optimum ambient temperature ( about 37 degrees, which corresponds to the temperature internal organs organism). Consequently, with an increase in temperature, the vital activity of microorganisms weakens, which allows the body to more effectively deal with them. That is why at body temperature up to 37.5 - 38 degrees, no action should be taken to reduce it.

At the same time, an excessive increase in temperature can harm the tissues and organs of one's own body. If, during the development of rotavirus infection, the temperature exceeds 38 degrees and continues to grow, measures should be taken to reduce it. The goal of treatment in this case will also be to reduce the temperature below 38 degrees, but not below 37 - 37.5.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to lower the temperature. They block the cells of the immune system responsible for the development of inflammatory and immune reactions as well as an increase in body temperature. At the same time, the temperature normalizes or decreases.

To combat the temperature with rotavirus infection, you can use:

• paracetamol ( tablets or suppositories for children);
• nimesil and so on.

The dosage of drugs is calculated depending on the age of the patient. For children, the dose is selected depending on body weight.

Diet ( food, menu) with rotavirus infection ( what can and what can not be eaten?)

Proper nutrition is an integral part of treatment at all stages of the development of rotavirus infection. In the acute period of the disease, the diet should provide the body with easily digestible foods and nutrients, which will support the immune system and help fight infection. During the convalescence food products should contribute to the restoration of normal intestinal microflora, at the same time, replenishing energy reserves, vitamins, minerals and trace elements in the body.

With rotavirus infection, a diet is indicated ( table) number 4 according to Pevsner, the purpose of which is to “sparge” the intestinal mucosa and, at the same time, deliver all the nutrients it needs to the body.

The principles of the diet for rotavirus infection are:

• Eating small meals 5-8 times a day ( for younger children more often).
• Eating only warm food.
• Refusal of too hot / cold dishes.
• Reception of a well-refined ( mechanically) food that will not injure the intestinal mucosa.
• Receiving a well-crafted ( thermally) food that will not contain pathogenic bacteria.
• Sufficient fluid intake at least 2.5 - 3 liters for an adult).
• Refusal of milk and dairy products in the acute period of the disease.

Refusal of milk and dairy products is due to the peculiarities of the development of rotavirus infection. The fact is that when the intestinal mucosa is damaged, the activity of enzymes that ensure the digestion of milk is disrupted. At the same time, unabsorbed dairy products remain in the intestinal lumen, attracting fluid to themselves and being the main cause of diarrhea. Therefore, avoiding or limiting the use of dairy products will reduce the severity of diarrhea.

Nutrition for rotavirus infection

What can be consumed?
chicken bouillon; fish broth; lean meat ( turkey, chicken); crackers; yesterday's bread; rice porridge ( on the water); rice water; semolina; buckwheat porridge; scrambled eggs ( no more than 2 per day); fresh cottage cheese; yogurt; strong black tea; rosehip decoction; decoction of bird cherry; blueberry decoction; jelly; compote; banana.	borsch; fried foods; smoked dishes; spicy seasonings; spices; vegetable dishes; fatty meats ( e.g. pork); canned food; half-cooked meat dishes; fresh bread; fresh pastries; cakes and pastries; candies; vegetables and fruits; wheat porridge; pasta; dairy ( except cottage cheese); scrambled eggs green tea ( promotes diarrhea); carbonated drinks ( coca cola, pepsi); sour juices; milk; alcohol.

The above menu refers to the acute period of the disease, when the patient has severe diarrhea and vomiting. After these symptoms subside, you can gradually add vegetables to the diet ( e.g. mashed potatoes) and fruits, dairy products, sugar and so on.

Is it possible to drink alcohol with rotavirus infection?

Alcohol with rotavirus infection is not recommended. The fact is that any alcoholic beverages negatively affect the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to its damage. If you drink alcohol during the acute period of the disease, it can lead to more severe lesions of the small intestine, resulting in an increase in the overall duration of the disease. In addition, acceptance a large number alcohol can provoke or increase vomiting, which will contribute to dehydration.

It is also worth noting that alcohol in itself causes the expansion of skin vessels, as a result of which the heat transfer of the body increases, although the person himself does not notice this. On the background elevated temperature body, this can lead to rapid hypothermia of the body and the development of related complications. That is why you should refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages during the entire acute period of the disease, as well as for the next 7 to 14 days, until the intestinal mucosa is restored and digestion is normalized.

How to feed a newborn and infant with rotavirus infection?

Feeding of newborns and infants should be carried out taking into account their age and body weight, as well as taking into account the previous type of nutrition.

The principles of nutrition for children with rotavirus infection include:

• Feeding of newborns and children of the first 6 months of life should be carried out at the expense of mother's breast milk. It contains all the necessary nutrients, vitamins and trace elements in the required quantities, and also ensures the maintenance of the immunity of the child's body, which helps in the fight against infection. At the same time, it is worth remembering that in the acute period of the disease, milk can lead to increased diarrhea.
• Use of lactose-free formulas ( Nutrilon lactose free, Nan lactose free, Mamex lactose free) in the acute phase of the disease. Lactose and other sugars have the most pronounced osmotic activity, as a result of which they attract water from the tissues into the intestinal lumen, contributing to the development of watery diarrhea. Eliminating lactose from the diet will reduce the severity of diarrhea, thereby reducing the amount of fluid lost by the body. This will positively affect the condition of the child, accelerating the healing process. After the subsidence acute signs rotavirus infection ( in particular diarrhea) you can switch to low-lactose mixtures, and after another 3-5 days not the usual ones ( adapted) mixtures.
• If breastfeeding is not possible, nutrition should be provided by adapted nutritional formulas for newborns. Such mixtures include Humana PRE and Humana 1, Nan 1, Nutrilon 1, Baby 1, which should be used during the recovery period ( after diarrhea subsides). In their composition and properties, they are as similar as possible to mother's milk, as a result of which they will be best absorbed in gastrointestinal tract baby, and will also increase the natural antiviral protection of the child's body.

Prevention of rotavirus infection

Prevention of the disease may be primary ( aimed at preventing infection of healthy people) and secondary, aimed at preventing exacerbations or re-development of rotavirus infection. This is achieved by increasing the hygienic culture of society, specific vaccination ( introduction of vaccinations) against rotavirus and other activities.

Prevention of rotavirus infection by contact with the patient ( how not to get infected?)

If a child or adult has been in contact with a person infected with rotavirus ( for example, being in the same room, shaking hands, playing together, and so on), he should take preventive measures to prevent the development of infection.

Prevention after contact with a patient with rotavirus infection should include:

• Thorough washing of hands and face with soap. The fact is that during the game, the child could touch his face with contaminated hands, as a result of which the virus could remain on his skin.
• Change of things. If it turns out that the child has been in contact with a patient with rotavirus infection, you should immediately remove all clothes from him and put on new ones. Removed clothes should be washed in hot water with a sufficient amount of washing powder. If the child had toys or any other items with him, they should also be disinfected ( in boiling water or with a solution of bleach).
• The use of immunomodulators. For prophylactic purposes, drugs can be used that stimulate the body's natural defenses, thereby reducing the likelihood of virus penetration into the intestinal mucosa. So, for example, the drug ergoferon with a preventive purpose ( to prevent the development of rotavirus infection) should be taken orally 1-2 tablets 1 time per day. The prophylactic course can be 2 weeks or more.
• Careful observation of the child. After possible infection you should regularly monitor the child's stool, as well as his body temperature. If you notice the appearance of mushy or immediately loose stools, bloating, fever, or other signs of infection, you should immediately consult a doctor. When visiting a specialist, you should immediately inform him that the child has been in contact with a sick person and could become infected with a rotavirus infection.
• Rota test. If within 7 days after the probable infection the child has loose stools, you can buy and independently conduct a rapid test to detect rotavirus infection. If the test is positive, you should immediately consult a doctor. If the test is negative, this does not guarantee that the child is healthy. With increased diarrhea, vomiting and a further increase in body temperature, you should contact an infectious disease specialist even if the rota test showed a negative result.

Is there any vaccination vaccine) against rotavirus infection?

To date, many vaccines have been proposed vaccination) against rotavirus, but only a few of them have proven their effectiveness and safety. In particular, Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccines have successfully passed clinical trials and are used to prevent rotavirus infection in many countries around the world.

The essence of vaccination is that weakened rotaviruses are introduced into the patient's body. They cannot cause the development of the clinical picture of the disease, but stimulate the immune system ( body's defenses), thereby "preparing" it for an attack by a real virus. If a real, active rotavirus then enters the body, the immune system quickly identify and destroy it, which will prevent the development of the disease.

Rotarix vaccine can be given to children older than 1.5 months. The drug is available as a colorless solution ( suspensions), which is packed in a special sealed syringe tube. The vaccine is administered orally only through the mouth). Before use, you should carefully examine the contents of the syringe - it should not contain foreign inclusions or foreign bodies. After that, open the syringe and inject its contents into oral cavity child, making sure he swallows everything. Re-introduction of the vaccine should be performed 1-3 months after the first administration of the drug.

Is it possible to get re-infected? does immunity remain after rotavirus infection)?

It has been scientifically proven that after a single entry of the virus into the body, the immunity formed against it is relatively weak and short-lived, as a result of which the child can be re-infected with the same virus as early as a year after the illness or vaccination. In the same time, reintroduction vaccines or re-infection with the same type of virus allows you to strengthen the immune system and form a long-term antiviral protection.

It is worth noting that immunity is formed only against a specific type of virus that has infected the body. However, this does not exclude the possibility of infection with other subtypes of rotavirus ( of which only 7 are capable of hitting a person). This can occur even immediately after the clinical manifestations of the first infection subside. At the same time, it is worth noting that a vaccinated organism tolerates rotavirus infection much more easily than an organism that “met” with rotavirus for the first time.

Is it possible to bathe a child with rotavirus infection?

Bathing a child with this pathology is not prohibited, if there are no clinical contraindications, and all necessary precautions are observed.

An absolute contraindication to swimming is a high body temperature ( 38 degrees and above). In this case, bathing can lead to a violation of the body's thermoregulation and severe hypothermia, which develops especially rapidly in newborns and infants. After normalization of the body temperature of the child, you can bathe.

At the same time, it is worth noting that when bathing a child, stools infected with rotavirus will fall into the water, remaining on the surface of the skin of the baby's anal area after diarrhea. That is why, while bathing, care should be taken to ensure that the child does not drink the water in which he bathes, so that it does not get into his eyes and upper respiratory tract. After bathing, remove the child from the bath and rinse his body again with warm running water.

Also, precautions should be observed by the person bathing the baby. After completing the bathing procedure, he should wash his hands thoroughly with soap ( to the elbows). The water in which the child bathed should be poured immediately after bathing. It is strictly forbidden to bathe other children in it, wash toys in it, or use it in any other way.

Quarantine terms for rotavirus infection in kindergarten and school ( How many days is rotavirus contagious?)

If several sick children are identified in the children's team at once, quarantine may be declared in the institution. This is especially true during epidemics of rotavirus infection, when a large number of people become infected with the virus in a short period of time. At the same time, it is worth noting that not every diagnosed case of the disease is a reason for quarantine. The fact is that under normal conditions, almost all children under 3 years of age carry a rotavirus infection, and therefore many of them may already have developed immunity to rotaviruses.

The essence of quarantine is to limit contact between children who have been in contact with a sick child. However, they should be regularly examined by a doctor for fever, vomiting, or changes in the nature of the stool ( diarrhea).

The duration of quarantine for rotavirus infection is 7 days. This is how long the incubation can last ( hidden) period of illness. If after 7 days the child does not show any signs of infection, then he has not contracted rotavirus.

Sanitary rules and disinfection after rotavirus infection

After identifying a sick child in the team ( in kindergarten or at school) and its insulation, the room should be disinfected. The purpose of this event is to clean the room and all objects in it from viral particles that may be on them.

Disinfection in the focus of rotavirus infection includes:

• Wet cleaning, during which all surfaces in the room should be wiped. It is worth noting that wet cleaning should be done not only in the patient's room, but also in the toilet, in the kitchen and in any other rooms where he could be.
• Processing of all belongings of the patient. All patient clothing and bedding should be washed in hot water or steamed. All toys of the child, as well as dishes and other personal belongings of the patient should be treated with boiling water or hot / warm water containing disinfectants.
• Ventilation of premises. All rooms in which the patient was located should be thoroughly ventilated for at least 1 hour.

How many days do they give sick leave for rotavirus infection?

Sick leave for uncomplicated rotavirus infection can be issued for 7-10 days. This is due to the fact that during this period the patient is an active source of infection, that is, it can infect other people. After the diarrhea stops, rotavirus can be shed in the patient's feces for several more days, but after 10 days from the onset of the clinical manifestations of the disease, patients, as a rule, become non-infectious.

At the same time, it should be noted that with the development of complications of the disease, the patient may need more long-term treatment in a hospital or at home, in connection with which sick leave can be extended up to 2 - 3 weeks.

Complications and consequences after rotavirus infection

With early detection and proper treatment rotavirus infection usually does not develop complications. At the same time, in case of errors in diagnostic and therapeutic measures a number of complications may develop, some of which may pose a danger to the further health and even life of the patient ( especially a child).

Rotavirus infection can be complicated by:

• dehydration;
• inflammation of the lungs;

• convulsions;

If dehydration develops, the child should be taken to a hospital where it will be treated by experienced professionals ( infectious disease specialist, pediatrician, resuscitator and so on). Treatment of severe dehydration at home is unacceptable, as it can lead to the most unfortunate consequences.

Pneumonia

Cause of pneumonia pneumonia) with rotavirus infection, there may be a concomitant infection of the respiratory tract, which destroys the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi, facilitating the penetration of bacteria into the lung tissue. In addition, dehydration can be a predisposing factor in the development of pneumonia. The fact is that with thickening of the blood and loss of fluid and electrolytes, the protective function of the lungs is significantly weakened, which contributes to the attachment and development of a bacterial infection.

Pneumonia that developed against the background of rotavirus infection should be treated only in a hospital. At the same time, the patient is prescribed antibiotics, antipyretics, provides him with adequate nutrition and restoration of water and electrolyte balance in the body.

convulsions

Seizures may be caused by severe dehydration and loss of electrolytes. In addition, in children, seizures can develop due to an increase in body temperature to 39 degrees or more. When convulsions occur, a pronounced and painful contraction occurs various groups muscles, which causes considerable suffering to the patient. If the patient is not provided timely assistance, he may die due to respiratory disorders ( against the background of damage to the respiratory muscles).

With the development of seizures, you should immediately call an ambulance. Before her arrival, the child or adult should be laid on its side, make sure that he does not start vomiting ( and he didn't choke on the vomit) and so that he does not get hurt on the surrounding objects. Treatment for seizures is anticonvulsants (e.g. diazepam). After stopping the attack, the patient should be hospitalized for observation, diagnosis and treatment.

constipation

Constipation may occur a few days after the acute clinical manifestations of rotavirus infection subside. The reason for this may be dysbacteriosis, that is, a violation bacterial composition large intestine, as well as the development of pathogenic bacteria in it. Patients may complain of bloating, heaviness in the abdomen, loss of appetite, and so on.

To prevent the development of dysbacteriosis, from the moment diarrhea begins, as well as within 7-10 days after it ends, you should take drugs from the group of probiotics. These funds will contribute to the restoration of normal intestinal microflora, at the same time, suppressing the development of pathogenic bacteria.

Is rotavirus infection dangerous during pregnancy?

The danger of rotavirus infection during pregnancy lies in the defeat of the female body and in increased risk development of complications that can adversely affect the fetus.

In the uncomplicated course of the disease, rotavirus practically does not penetrate into the mother's bloodstream. At the same time, the possibility of penetration of viral particles into the body of the fetus is called into question. Moreover, the main treatments ( restoration of the volume of lost fluid, the use of sorbents and probiotics) are not contraindicated during pregnancy, as a result of which they can be used from the first days of the disease at any time. However, from the use of immunomodulators ( immune boosting drugs) during gestation should refrain.

At the same time, it is worth noting that with the development of complications, the risk of intrauterine damage to the fetus increases.

Causes of damage to the fetus with rotavirus infection can be:

• Frequent vomiting. As a result of pronounced contractions of the abdominal muscles, mechanical compression of the fetus may occur.
• Dehydration of the female body. The blood supply and nutrition of the fetus directly depend on the state of the mother's body. When a pregnant woman loses a lot of fluid, her blood pressure may drop. As a result, the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus will be disrupted, which can cause damage to its central nervous system.
• bacterial complications. The addition of pneumonia or a bacterial intestinal infection can weaken the female body and cause damage to the fetus. Moreover, adequate treatment of bacterial infections ( using antibiotics) will be difficult, as this will also increase the risk of intrauterine damage to the fetus.
• Seizures. With the development of convulsions against the background of dehydration and an increase in body temperature, mechanical trauma to the fetus can also occur. Moreover, due to a violation of the mother's breathing, oxygen delivery to the fetus can be disrupted, which will cause damage to its central nervous system.

To prevent the development of the described complications, you should consult a doctor in a timely manner when the first signs of a rotavirus infection appear, and follow all the recommendations of a specialist regarding the treatment of the disease.

Can you die from rotavirus infection?

With untimely and incorrectly provided assistance, a patient with rotavirus infection may die. This is especially true for newborns and infants, in which the compensatory capabilities of the body are very poorly developed, as a result of which they quickly develop dysfunctions of vital organs.

Arbidol Of all the viruses that can cause diarrhea, the most common is rotavirus. The disease is characterized by an acute onset, unexpressed signs of gastroenteritis, enteritis, and intestinal and respiratory syndrome at the onset of the disease.

Rotavirus, or stomach flu, is most common in children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years. Rarely seen in adults. The disease is transmitted through contaminated food, dirty hands. Rotavirus can be transmitted through coughing and sneezing.

The first signs of rotavirus appear 1-2 days after the infection enters the body. The acute period lasts up to 4 days, the duration of the disease is up to 14 days, the recovery period is 4-5 days.

The onset of the disease is acute:

• high body temperature;
• nausea, repeated vomiting, loss of appetite;
• pain, rumbling in the abdomen, diarrhea;
• signs of dehydration;
• convulsions, loss of consciousness;
• sore throat and sore throat, cough;
• respiratory organs are affected: pharyngitis, rhinitis, nasopharyngitis develops.

In an adult patient, clinical manifestations are such as indigestion.

What types of medicines are used to treat

It is not recommended to take any medications for rotavirus on your own. This can increase the activity of the virus, worsen the water balance, cause internal bleeding. Never give your child pain medication on their own. It can hide the symptoms of other serious diseases!

When treating rotavirus, it is important to remain calm and prevent dehydration. There is no specific treatment aimed at eradicating rotavirus infection.

Pregnant women need special treatment for rotavirus infection. The expectant mother should not take antiviral agents and enzymes. This can negatively affect the development of the fetus. All treatment of a pregnant woman consists in taking a large amount of liquid, saline solutions and medicines that restore the normal functioning of the digestive tract. If drug treatment is started immediately and correctly, the disease goes away without consequences.

Remedies to relieve symptoms

Treatment is aimed at eliminating the main symptoms of the disease. To remove intoxication, remove toxins from the body, the patient is given sorbents:

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These drugs remove all toxic substances from the body without harm to the patient. In a severe form of the disease, a glucose solution with a colloidal solution is administered.

Maintenance of water-salt balance

To prevent dehydration and restore water balance, rehydrators are used:

Solutions must be prepared according to the instructions and taken every 15 minutes.

Preparations for the restoration of intestinal microflora

For normal operation, the intestines are prescribed drugs that restore the microflora:

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Enzyme preparations restore the healthy function of the gastrointestinal tract in the shortest possible time.

Treatment of complications of rotavirus

Diarrhea and vomiting are dangerous complications, especially for young children. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate these symptoms as soon as possible. Prescribe medications for diarrhea and vomiting:

• Loperamide - the drug reduces intestinal tone and quickly stops diarrhea.
• Stopdiar - the active ingredient of the antiseptic Nifuroxazide, kills microorganisms of various kinds.
• Motilium - quickly stops vomiting, improves bowel function.
• Furazolidone is an antibacterial drug that reduces the production of microorganism toxins, which improves clinical picture disease.\

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If there is pain and flatulence, antispasmodic drugs (No-shpa) and at the same time Espumizan are prescribed once.

At temperatures above 38 ° C, antipyretics are prescribed. If the temperature is above 38 ° C, the patient is given Paracetamol, Ibuprofen.

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An antibiotic is prescribed only in case of a bacterial infection. With intestinal infection, antibiotic treatment is not advisable.

Folk remedies

Together with drug treatment can apply folk recipes. It is recommended to drink a decoction of chamomile. A solution prepared from 1 liter of boiled water, 1 tablespoon of salt, sugar and juice of half a lemon will help replenish the loss of fluid.

During the recovery period after the transferred rotavirus, the patient is prescribed vitamins, herbal adaptogens to prevent the development of asthenic syndrome (Supradin, echinacea tincture).

What to drink with rotavirus

To restore fluid loss, vital potassium and sodium compounds, acid-base balance, rehydration therapy is prescribed. Treatment is carried out in a hospital. Sterile solutions of Trisol or Ringer are administered intravenously.

At home, you can independently prepare a glucose-salt solution Regidron or a solution of table salt (1 teaspoon of salt per 1 liter of water). Dilute Regidron powder with chilled boiled water. For adults and adolescents, dissolve a sachet of the drug in 1 liter of water, for children - 1/4 of the sachet. Drink prepared solutions in small portions, every half an hour.

• cranberry juice;
• dried fruit compote, raisins;
• rosehip infusion.

It is allowed to consume liquid food:

• chicken bouillon;
• jelly;
• rice water;
• vegetable decoction of carrots.

Avoid juices and carbonated drinks.

You can not drink a solution of potassium permanganate, so as not to cause a burn of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.

Antiviral drugs

Antiviral drugs are prescribed by a doctor. These are drugs that contain interferon and other antiviral components.

• Genferon - affects local and general immunity, has antiviral, antibacterial action.
• Well increases the level of interferon in the body Ingavirin. Removes inflammatory process and depressing effect on the virus.
• Ergoferon - used to treat and prevent rotavirus and possible complications, strengthens the immune system.

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As part of the drug, interferon, vitamins C and E. Restores affected intestinal cells, increases resistance to rotavirus, produces non-specific antibodies, is an immunostimulant, negatively affects E. coli.

Antiviral drug, increases the body's defenses. The therapeutic effect of rotavirus is manifested in a decrease in the general intoxication of the body, clinical manifestations of the disease.

An immunomodulatory drug that has an antiviral effect, reduces the severity of the clinical manifestations of the disease, and accelerates the healing process.

Homeopathic antiviral drug, enhances the body's defenses. Quickly relieves symptoms of a cold (cough, runny nose), manifestations of general intoxication. Significantly reduces the risk of bacterial infections.

Antibiotics for rotavirus infection

Antibacterial drugs for rotavirus are not prescribed, since they do not work in this case. Also, the drug can cause intestinal dysbiosis. But with inflammation of the intestines or stomach, it can join bacterial infection. This will be seen in blood tests, feces, high body temperature. Then the doctor prescribes antibiotics.

The most commonly used antibiotic a wide range actions based on penicillin or other active substance.

Treatment is carried out with such drugs:

• Loraxone - the main substance of the drug ceftriaxone, is often prescribed for rotavirus, which is accompanied by a bacterial infection.
• Macropen - the medicine is prescribed subject to the addition of a bacterial infection.
• Levomycetin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug. Assign only to adults.

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Enterofuril is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial drug that eliminates diarrhea against the background of infection of various origins, including rotavirus. The drug is effective against many pathogens.

With the manifestation of intestinal flu, it is necessary to contact an infectious disease specialist who will prescribe the necessary medicines for rotavirus.