Parents of babies are increasingly wondering about the need and expediency of routine vaccination for their children. We will talk about how the MMR vaccine is tolerated. Adults do not trust vaccine manufacturers, the quality of their production, compliance with the conditions of transportation and storage. In addition, the health of our children is impaired and weakened due to environmental factors - babies often suffer from allergic reactions. Questions arise about how the child will tolerate vaccination, which one will follow immune response and what are the possible consequences for the health of the baby. Everything in order in our article.

What diseases are vaccinated against?

MMR vaccination is the introduction of diseases such as measles, mumps (popularly called "mumps") and rubella. Vaccination against these diseases can be carried out as part of a complex or monovaccine. Do children need protection from these diseases, why are they dangerous?

Measles is an infectious disease that is accompanied by a characteristic rash and fever. After about 5 days, the rash begins to decrease, the body temperature returns to normal. A short-term illness that goes away on its own - why is it dangerous for a child? The danger lies in the development of various serious complications: pneumonia, encephalitis, otitis media, eye damage and others. A feature of the spread of the disease is that upon contact with a sick person, an unvaccinated child becomes infected in almost 100% of cases. Considering this fact, children are less and less vaccinated with MMR, the consequences were not long in coming - cases of the disease are increasing every year.

rubella in childhood it is easily tolerated, often even without an increase in body temperature. Symptoms of the disease are a small rash and swollen lymph nodes. But the disease poses a serious danger to a pregnant woman, namely to her fetus. If a girl was not vaccinated against rubella in childhood or did not get sick with it, then as an adult, she is at risk during pregnancy. Rubella disrupts the correct often infection of the expectant mother leads to miscarriage or premature birth. At the birth of a child, serious malformations of the newborn are possible, often incompatible with life. Therefore, MMR vaccination is essential for girls.

Mumps affects the parotid salivary glands. There are headaches, a high temperature appears, up to 40 degrees, a swelling forms on the neck and in the ears. It is difficult for a child to chew, swallow. The following complications are possible transferred mumps: otitis, inflammation of the brain, boys often develop inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), which in the future can lead to infertility.

All of the above diseases are transmitted by airborne droplets and household routes, that is, every unvaccinated person can become infected, regardless of preventive measures.

How the MMR vaccine works

Vaccinate against diseases using a complex or monovaccine. An immune response is produced in 92-97% of vaccinated people.

Possess common property all preparations for MMR vaccination - they contain live (weakened) pathogens. How does the MMR (vaccination) work? The instruction indicates direct infection of a person after the administration of the drug. But the vaccine provides for such a number of live microorganisms that all protective functions begin to work in the body, including the production of antibodies to pathogenic flora. A complete disease does not develop. However, various adverse reactions. We will talk about them in more detail below.

What are MMR vaccines?

To date, in the CIS countries, the following preparations are used for vaccination of the MMR:

Measles vaccine:

1. Preparation L-16 of Russian production. Made on the basis of which is an advantage, since chicken protein (namely, it is used in most foreign vaccines) children often have an allergic reaction.

For parotitis:

1. The Russian live vaccine L-3, as well as the preparation L-16, is made from quail eggs.
2. Czech drug "Pavivak".

For rubella:

1. "Rudivax" made in France.
2. Ervevax, England.
3. Indian vaccine SII.

Complex vaccines:

1. Russian drug for measles and mumps.
2. "Priorix" is a Belgian-made CPC vaccine. Reviews about the drug are positive. He won the trust medical workers and consumers. In private clinics for immunization against 3 diseases - measles, rubella and mumps - this particular vaccine is recommended as the safest and most effective.
3. The Dutch MMP-II vaccine has a controversial reputation - there is an opinion that after vaccination with this drug, autism symptoms developed in children, but reliable verified information on this issue does not currently exist.

How is vaccination carried out?

Usually does not cause difficulties in carrying out the MMR vaccination. The reaction of the child during the introduction may manifest itself in the form of strong restless crying. Post-vaccination complications may appear only on the fifth day after vaccination. In order to minimize possible adverse reactions, the procedure must be carried out in compliance with all safety standards. It is worth paying attention to the fact that the vaccine should be unpacked immediately before the procedure. Dissolve the drug should only be a special solution that is attached to the vaccine.

Newborns are given in the thigh or shoulder area, older children - in the subscapular area, the PDA vaccination. Complications that do not cause concern to health workers may include the following: possible pain, redness, swelling in the injection area for two days. But if the above symptoms become pronounced and are accompanied by other adverse reactions, a pediatrician should be consulted.

Vaccination schedule

MMR vaccination is carried out for one-year-old babies, after which the immunization is repeated at 6 years of age. In some cases, for medical reasons, adults are also vaccinated. For example, a woman during pregnancy planning. It should be noted that the onset of conception should be planned at least 3 months after the MMR vaccination.

The vaccine is combined with other drugs for immunization: MMR can be carried out simultaneously with vaccinations against Haemophilus influenzae, hepatitis A, KDP, tetanus, polio vaccines.

Absolute contraindications for MMR vaccination

There are absolute and temporary contraindications to MMR vaccination. You will have to refuse immunization in the following conditions of the patient:

• congenital or acquired immunodeficiency;
• the presence of cellular defects in immunity;
• severe reactions to previous vaccinations;
• the presence of an allergy to the components of the drug.

Temporary contraindications

In the event of temporary health disorders of the vaccinated child or adult, the MMR vaccination is carried out after complete recovery and restoration of the body's immune forces. Contraindications are as follows:

• taking corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs, radio- and chemotherapy;
• acute respiratory infections;
• exacerbation of chronic diseases;
• curable diseases of the circulatory system;
• kidney problems;
• fever and fever;
• pregnancy.

Common adverse reactions

The MMR (vaccination) is usually well tolerated. Adverse reactions occur in 10% of cases. Some of the complications that arise are not of concern to doctors, they are part of the list of normal immune responses to the drug. It is important to remember that any reaction to the MMR vaccine may only occur from 4 to 15 days after the immunization. If any deviations in the health of a vaccinated person appeared earlier or later than the indicated dates, then they are in no way connected with the vaccination, with the exception of reddening of the injection site, which is observed in the first two days.

Common reactions following MMR vaccination include:

• fever (up to 39 degrees);
• runny nose;
• cough;
• redness of the pharynx;
• an increase in the parotid salivary glands and lymph nodes;
• allergic reactions: rash, urticaria (most often such reactions occur on the antibiotic "Neomycin" and the protein included in the preparations);
• in women, there are post-vaccination complaints of pain in muscles and joints. Such a reaction in children and men is noted only in 0.3% of cases.

Complications

There have been cases of serious complications after MMR vaccination. Fortunately, they are rare, against the background of other disorders in the body. The reasons for the development of adverse reactions may be the patient's disease, poor-quality vaccine, improper use of the drug. Complications after MMR vaccination include:

1. Seizures that develop against a background of high temperature. With such a symptom, paracetamol antipyretic drugs are prescribed, and it is also recommended to undergo an examination by a neurologist to exclude the background development of the lesion. nervous system.
2. Post-vaccination brain damage (encephalitis). When deciding whether to conduct or PDA, it should be taken into account that such a complication after vaccination is 1000 times less common than with a full infection with measles or rubella.
3. After vaccination against mumps or complex vaccination, which includes this disease, in 1% of cases it is possible development of meningitis, while in the case of the transfer of the disease, this figure reaches 25%.
4. Within 30 minutes after the MMR vaccination, it is possible anaphylactic shock reaction. Only the introduction of adrenaline will help save a life in such a situation. Therefore, do not self-medicate - go to a specialized public or private clinic for vaccination, and also follow all the doctor's instructions, including follow the reaction to the vaccination for half an hour within the walls of a medical institution. It is also necessary to consult a patronage nurse on the fifth and tenth day after vaccination.
5. In extremely rare cases, registered thrombocytopenia- a decrease in platelets in the blood.

Preparation for vaccination

In order to reduce the risk of developing various post-vaccination complications, it is necessary to conduct preliminary preparation for immunization. Such measures are especially important when vaccinating children. Follow these guidelines before a routine vaccination:

1. Do not introduce new foods into your child's diet. If the baby is breastfeeding, a nursing mother should also stick to a regular diet.
2. A few days before the intended vaccination, you must pass general analysis blood and urine to exclude latent, sluggish diseases.
3. Children prone to allergic reactions or having such complications during previous vaccinations may be given antihistamines 2 days before vaccination and a few days after vaccination.
4. After a MMR vaccination, body temperature often rises to high levels. But, nevertheless, doctors do not recommend taking antipyretic drugs for preventive purposes. They are prescribed only for children with a predisposition to. Take the medicine immediately after the introduction of the vaccine.
5. If your child is healthy and does not have indications for taking drugs, for safety reasons, before vaccination, make sure that there are first aid medicines in the house - antipyretics (Nurofen, Panadol) and antihistamines, for example, Suprastin.
6. Immediately before vaccination, the child should be examined by a pediatrician: measure the temperature, assess the general state of health.

What to do after MMR vaccination?

Has the child been vaccinated with MMR? The reaction of the body can occur only on the 5th day. To minimize the occurrence of side effects, follow some tips. So, after vaccination, also do not let the child try new foods. In addition, exclude heavy food, you can not overfeed the baby. Increase your fluid intake.

In the first two days, it is better to stay at home, as the body of the crumbs is weakened and easily susceptible to infection. various diseases. Limit contact with others for two weeks. Do not allow hypothermia or overheating of the baby.

When is it necessary to call a doctor?

After vaccination, carefully monitor the condition of the baby: regularly measure the temperature, observe his reactions, behavior, complaints. Upon detection the following symptoms urgent medical attention needed:

• diarrhea;
• vomit;
• high temperature, which is not knocked down by antipyretic drugs;
• temperature above 40 degrees;
• severe allergic reaction;
• swelling or induration of the injection site, which is more than 3 cm in diameter, or suppuration;
• prolonged causeless crying of the child;
• convulsions;
• angioedema;
• suffocation;
• loss of consciousness.

When deciding whether to give the MMR (vaccination) to a child or not, weigh the pros and cons. Consider the disappointing statistics that suggest that with a full-fledged infection with measles, mumps or rubella, the likelihood of complications of varying degrees of severity is hundreds of times higher than after vaccination modern drugs. In addition, mothers' reviews indicate a high level of safety of MMR vaccination - the vast majority of vaccinated children did not have any post-vaccination complications. Follow the preventive measures and doctor's prescriptions - then the vaccination will only benefit your baby and protect against serious diseases.

In the vaccination calendar there is a complex vaccine against measles, mumps, rubella - the MMR vaccination. It is tolerated, in most cases, by those who received it well. Complications occur but are rare. Infectionists and pediatricians strongly recommend that all children be vaccinated with MMR. A child who has not passed it, falling ill with measles, rubella or mumps, necessarily receives severe complications. Girls who did not receive CCP as children are not immune. When infected during pregnancy with rubella, the disease causes severe disorders in the unborn baby.

The MMR vaccine made in time is protection against complications from three serious infectious diseases. With proper vaccination, immunity is developed for 21 days in 98% of those vaccinated. Immunity lasts 25 years.

Contraindications for MMR vaccination

There are cases when you can not get vaccinated:

• with acute respiratory infections, acute respiratory viral infections, when the child is very ill;
• with weakened health and immunity;
• if after the last vaccination there was a severe allergic reaction;
• children allergic to neomycin and gelatin;
• when the first symptoms of a cold appear (cough, fever, runny nose);
• pregnancy;
• if blood products (blood plasma, immunoglobulins) were administered, MMR vaccination is carried out after 3 months;
• oncological diseases;
• tuberculosis;

Where and when is the MMR vaccine given?

The first such vaccination is done in the thigh at 1 - 1.5 years. At 6 - 7 years - the second dose of vaccination - revaccination is injected into the shoulder. Such calendar terms of vaccination against MMR.

If for some reason you did not have time to make a PDA on time, then do not worry. Try to do it as soon as possible. Transferring the vaccine does not reduce its effectiveness.

Tip: Postponing the first dose of vaccination for a long time is undesirable. As the child grows older, the circle of contacts expands, the risk of contracting rubella, mumps or measles increases. The second dose of COC must be repeated and completed before the child enters school.

PDA and travel

If you are going abroad with a child who is not even a year old, be sure ahead of time give your child a comprehensive vaccination. Your child will develop immunity against these diseases.

When the child is one year old, you need to repeat the MMR, and then repeat another dose of the vaccine in order to get strong immunity when the child is 6 years old.

Adverse reactions to vaccination

The majority of vaccinations are not accompanied by adverse reactions. In 5-15% of cases, complications are observed on the 2nd-5th day after vaccination. Reactions pass within 3 days.

1. Temperature. Both in vaccinated adults and children, for 5-12 days after vaccination, a temperature of up to 39.4 C can be observed. It can be knocked down if chills appear in the first 2 days, severe body aches. To reduce the temperature, take antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen).
2. Joint pains. Some young women and children in the first 3 weeks after vaccination may develop inflammation in the hand, in the joints of the fingers. Symptoms do not require treatment, they quickly disappear without consequences.
3. Allergy. In addition to measles, rubella, mumps viruses, the vaccine contains neomycin, gelatin, chicken protein, which cause an allergic reaction in some. The introduction of a small amount of these substances to allergy sufferers provokes a strong reaction, up to a dangerous one - anaphylactic shock. Before taking a child for MMR vaccination, parents should tell the doctor what substances your child is allergic to. If a strong reaction was observed after the initial dose, it is necessary to make tests on which components of the vaccine are hypersensitive, and the second dose, according to indications, the doctor will cancel or replace the Russian one with an imported one (it contains quail egg yolk). For people who are not allergic to MMR components, the vaccine is completely safe.
4. Pain at the injection site. In the area where the injection is made, there may be a non-dangerous thickening of the tissues, numbness and pain, and swelling may occur for up to several weeks.
5. Rash. According to statistics, in 1 in 20 people, within the first 5-10 days, the MMR vaccine causes a pale pink skin rash. Red spots cover the face, arms, torso and legs. The rash passes quickly, is not dangerous, leaves no traces.
6. Increase lymph nodes. Within a few days, the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine often causes a benign swollen lymph node.
7. Swelling of testicles. Some boys may have a slight swelling, soreness of the testicles. This will not further impair the ability to conceive a child when the boy grows up.
8. Catarrhal phenomena (conjunctivitis, cough, runny nose).

Do adults need to be vaccinated?

Adults who did not receive one dose of the MMR vaccine as a child and did not have mumps, measles, or rubella should be vaccinated. Measles and mumps are very dangerous for adults, and rubella in pregnant women causes pathologies in the development of the fetus.

All women planning a pregnancy are advised to take a blood test to determine immunity against rubella. If tests show its absence, a woman must be vaccinated with MMR before pregnancy. You can conceive a child 1 month after vaccination.

MMR vaccination: instructions for use of the drug "Priorix"

The multicomponent vaccine is better because it is necessary to prick 1 time. Priorix can be done subcutaneously (under the shoulder blade) and up to 3 years - intramuscularly (in the thigh), after - in the deltoid muscle of the shoulder (in the arm). The vaccinated is not contagious to others.

Form of medicine: lyophilisate for solution.

Its composition (from the instructions):
Priorix is ​​a combined preparation containing attenuated strains of measles, mumps and rubella viruses, separately cultivated in chick embryo cells.

The dose of the vaccine contains 3.5 lgTCD50 of the measles virus of the Schwarz strain, 4.3 lgTCD50 of the live mumps virus of the RIT4385 strain, 3.5 lgTCD50 of rubella (vaccinal strain Wistar RA 27/3).
The vaccine contains 25 mcg neomycin sulfate, sorbitol, lactose, mannitol, amino acids.

Description of the vaccine
Homogeneous porous mass of white or slightly Pink colour. Its solvent is colorless clear liquid, odorless, impurities.

Immunology
Clinical trials have shown the vaccine to be highly effective. Antibodies to the mumps virus were found in 96.1%, measles - in 98% of those vaccinated, rubella - in 99.3%.

Purpose
Development of immunity, prevention of mumps, rubella, measles.

Mode of application

The content with a solvent is added to the vial with a dry preparation at the rate of 0.5 ml per 1 dose. Shake vigorously until the mixture is completely dissolved, no more than 1 min.

The resulting solution is clear, from pink to pink-orange. If it looks different, has foreign particles, the drug is not used.

Priorix is ​​administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.5 ml; allowed intramuscular injection. A new sterile needle is used to insert the priorix. The drug is removed from the vial subject to the rules of asepsis.

Adverse reactions

• allergic reactions,
• diarrhea,
• lymphadenopathy,
• vomit,
• bronchitis, otitis media, cough (sometimes), increase parotid glands,
• insomnia, febrile seizures, crying, nervousness, (sometimes)
• rash,
• conjunctivitis (sometimes)
  anorexia (very rare)

• fever (>38°C), redness at the injection site,
• swelling, pain at the injection site, temperature >39.5°C

Adverse reactions were observed in 1-10% after vaccination.

The following side effects have been reported with mass vaccination:

• meningitis,
• arthralgia, arthritis,
• thrombocytopenia,
• anaphylactic reactions,
• erythema multiforme,
• encephalitis, transverse myelitis, peripheral neuritis

Accidental intravenous administration causes severe reactions, even shock.

Interaction

Priorix can be administered simultaneously with DTP, DTP vaccines (on the same day), when injected into different parts of the body with separate syringes. It is not allowed to dial in the same syringe with other drugs.

Priorix can be used for a second vaccination in persons previously vaccinated with mono preparations, with another combination vaccine.

special instructions

Use caution when administering to people with allergic diseases. The vaccinated must be 30 minutes. under control.

The vaccination room should be provided with anti-shock therapy (adrenaline solution 1:1000). Before administering the vaccine, make sure that the alcohol has evaporated from the surface of the skin, as it can inactivate attenuated viruses in the vaccine.

Release form

Contents: 1 dose vial, 0.5 ml solvent in an ampoule. Packing: cardboard box.
1 dose in a vial + solvent 0.5 ml in a syringe, 1-2 needles.

For medical institutions: in a box of 100 vials. Solvent separately for 100 ampoules.
10 doses in a vial. 50 bottles in a carton. Separately, a solvent of 5 ml. 50 ampoules in a box.

Shelf life and storage conditions

The MMR vaccine is a combination vaccine against three diseases: measles, rubella and mumps, better known as mumps. Doctors recommend refusing to vaccinate a child only in rare cases, since these three diseases are dangerous for their complications. The age at which the MMR vaccine is given, whether it has contraindications and side effects, will be discussed in this article.

Vaccinations: measles, rubella, mumps

Measles- a disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, rhinitis and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. The disease causes complications in the form of pneumonia, convulsions, accompanied by protrusion of the eyes, eye diseases and can be fatal.

Rubella is a disease characterized by skin rash. During illness, children have an increased body temperature. Complications of rubella affect girls more, expressed in the form of diseases of the joints.

Mumps or mumps, in addition to temperature and headache, are characterized by swelling of the face and neck of a sick child and swelling of the testicles in boys. It is for boys that the disease poses the greatest danger, since they can remain infertile. Other complications include deafness, meningitis, and even death.

Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps involves the introduction into the child's body of the viruses of these diseases in a weakened form. There are risks of developing severe side effects when administering the vaccine, but they are many times less than the risks of developing the same diseases in children.

When and where is the MMR vaccination given?

According to the vaccination calendar, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is carried out twice. The first time the vaccine is given at the age of 1 year, the second time, provided that the child did not tolerate the disease during this period of time, at 6 years.

In some cases, for example, if parents need to go abroad with their child, the MMR vaccine can be given to a baby between 6 and 12 months of age. However, it does not affect the vaccination schedule, and in the year the PDA will be done as for the first time.

The MMR vaccine is injected subcutaneously. It is done either in the deltoid region of the baby's shoulder, or under the shoulder blade.

Reaction to vaccination measles, rubella, mumps

Among the most common reactions in children to MMR vaccination are the following:

• skin rash;
• increase in body temperature;
• runny nose;
• vomiting, diarrhea;
• slight swelling of the testicles in boys.

Parents should give their child paracetamol if the body temperature rises and a rash or swelling of the testicles occurs in boys after MMR vaccination. If the temperature is high, then the child should be given an antipyretic. It is also given immediately after vaccination to those children who are prone to convulsions with an increase in body temperature.

Vomiting and diarrhea caused by the MMR vaccine usually do not require treatment.

It is possible for children to have severe allergic reactions to the MMR vaccine, but this is only one case in a million. Conditions such as meningitis, pneumonia, deafness, and even falling into a coma were observed in children. These cases are isolated and it was not possible to reliably determine whether vaccination was the cause of these conditions.

Contraindications for MMR vaccination

MMR vaccination is contraindicated in children who suffer from intolerance to egg protein, kanamycin and neomycin. MMR vaccination is not given to children who are ill at the time of vaccination. Re-introduction MMR vaccine is prohibited for those children who had a hard time with the first MMR vaccine.

It is also forbidden to administer the MMR vaccine to children suffering from AIDS, HIV and other diseases that depress the body's immune system. In some cases, the vaccine can be administered to them, but subject to strict control by a specialist. Parents of children with cancer should be consulted about the possibility of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps. Consultation with a doctor is also required for children who have received blood products within the last 11 months before vaccination.

Vaccinations in infancy can avoid dangerous diseases or make it easier to transfer the infection when it enters the body. Vaccination is done to healthy babies after examination by a pediatrician. A good doctor will recommend observing the child's reaction for several days, monitoring the temperature and general condition, drinking antihistamines to avoid allergic reactions.

Despite these measures, some parents still experience side effects, particularly from MMR vaccinations. What causes them, how do they manifest themselves, and can they be avoided? Maybe it's better not to vaccinate at all? This and much more needs to be explored in detail.

MMR vaccination is given to all children over 12 months of age

PDA decryption

The task of public health is to take preventive measures against diseases that can lead to the emergence of an epidemic in a particular city and beyond. The compulsory vaccination calendar includes an injection against measles, mumps and rubella (decoding of the abbreviation MRC). These diseases claim the lives and disable more than 150,000 people worldwide every year.

The measles, mumps and rubella vaccination plan for children should be followed if the child is healthy and there is no reason to postpone the injection for the future. It can be done together with other vaccines (BCG, tetanus, Haemophilus influenzae). The indication is the age of a small patient - from 12 months.

CPC is not combined with blood products and immunoglobulins. Between these injections, a pause of 2-3 months should be maintained (the order of administration is not important).

What are the dangers of measles, rubella and mumps?

Not vaccinating is a risk to your baby's health. When he comes into contact with his mother and father vaccinated in childhood, the risk of infection is minimal. However, the infection can wait for the baby in public transport, clinic, kindergarten. By vaccinating a child, parents help him avoid serious illnesses with dangerous and sometimes irreparable complications.

Rubella

The disease affects children and adults, it is transmitted by airborne droplets and from mother to fetus. Initial symptoms are similar to the usual viral infection. Later, a red rash appears on the body, which disappears without a trace within three days. In young children, rubella usually resolves without sequelae.

In adults, complications are observed - increased permeability blood vessels, hemorrhages, encephalomyelitis with loss of consciousness, convulsions up to paralysis with a fatal outcome. If the expectant mother gets sick with rubella, her baby may subsequently experience pneumonia, hemorrhages, lesions internal organs, which in 30% of cases ends tragically.

Mumps

Mumps (mumps) is an infectious disease caused by paramyxovirus, a related influenza virus. It is transmitted by airborne droplets and is characterized by inflammation of the salivary, parotid glands, leading to swelling of the face. The first signs appear 2 weeks after infection. The consequences of the disease are dangerous, and its treatment should be carried out from beginning to end, under the supervision of a physician.

Parotitis in a child

For common complications mumps include: inflammation thyroid gland and sex glands, diabetes, pancreatitis, secondary penetration of the virus into the bloodstream, serous meningitis, complete damage to a number of glands and organs.

Measles

The measles virus enters the body by airborne droplets, manifests itself 9-11 days after contact with a sick person. Children are more likely to experience this disease, but adults are also at risk. People who are not vaccinated against the disease are 100% likely to get sick. Those who have been ill receive permanent immunity for life.

Measles is fraught with complications such as blindness, encephalitis, otitis, inflammation cervical lymph nodes, bronchopneumonia. Treatment under the supervision of a doctor reduces the risk of complications, but even this does not always help to avoid them.

Imported and domestic MMR vaccines

Modern medicine offers several types of MMR vaccinations. Preparations contain live viruses and their combined analogues.

They are selected taking into account the characteristics of the child's body and risk factors. According to the number of components, serums are divided into 3 types:

• Monocomponent. The vaccine will provide immunity against one of the diseases. Vaccines against measles, mumps and rubella are administered by different injections, they cannot be mixed. An example is the Russian measles vaccine L-16 based on quail egg protein, the L-3 vaccine or the Czech Pavivak against mumps. There are foreign rubella vaccines called Sll (India), Ervevaks (England), Rudivaks (France).
• Two-component. Combined drugs against measles-rubella or measles-mumps. They are supplemented by an injection of one missing drug. Vaccinations are given in different parts of the body. An example is the associated divaccine against measles and mumps (Russia).
• Three-component. Ready-made preparations include 3 weakened viruses and, with the help of one injection, protect against three infections at once. For example, a vaccine called Priorix (Belgium) has gained a reputation for being the most effective and safe. Another popular vaccine is MMR II (USA), which is used more than long time and well researched negative reactions.

Vaccination with domestic drugs against measles, mumps and rubella is carried out in municipal clinics. The drugs include attenuated virus. They are not inferior in effectiveness to foreign analogues, are normally tolerated and do not cause side effects. Their disadvantage is the lack of a measles component, and measles vaccination has to be done separately.

The live combination vaccine Priorix has virtually no adverse reactions.

Imported purified 3 in 1 preparations are more convenient, but they should be purchased independently - for example, the live combined vaccine Priorix, which reduces the time for vaccination and has a low reactogenicity. Pediatricians often recommend this particular drug, and parents often purchase Priorix, which helps to avoid post-vaccination complications.

Children's vaccination schedule

How many times and where are MMR vaccinations given? Injections are injected according to a strictly defined algorithm and according to the existing vaccination schedule:

• at 12 months or older (if the child was sick and it is not possible to vaccinate exactly one year) - the vaccine is injected into the thigh;
• at 6 years old - in the shoulder (provided that the baby was not sick dangerous diseases from which it is vaccinated);
• in the absence of contraindications, the vaccine is administered to young girls 16-18 years old in the direction of a doctor;
• from 22 to 29 years old and every 10 years according to the schedule.

If by the age of 13 the child has not received a dose of a multicomponent drug that prevents measles, mumps and rubella, a domestic vaccination can be done at any age (we recommend reading:). Subsequent revaccination is prescribed according to the medical calendar, but not earlier than 22 years and not later than 29 years.

At the age of 6, the MMR vaccine is given in the upper arm.

How is the MMR vaccine administered? For injection, a disposable syringe is used, into which the vaccine, previously diluted in water for injection, is drawn. The volume of a single dose of the finished vaccine is 0.5 ml, it is injected subcutaneously into the thigh (for babies) or into the shoulder (for older children).

Contraindications for immunization

When issuing a referral for vaccination, the doctor must take into account the intolerance of the vaccine by certain categories of children. Contraindications for PDAs include:

• intolerance to egg white, vaccine components (kanamycin and neomycin);
• complications after the first MMR vaccination;
• SARS, influenza, viral infection;
• chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunosuppression;
• heart failure;
• severe blood diseases, pathologies of internal organs;
• propensity to allergies;
• pregnancy.

How to prepare for vaccination?

To reduce the risk of side effects and complications after vaccination, you should properly prepare for the procedure.

A couple of days before vaccination, the child must be given an antihistamine.

• 2-3 days before vaccination, the child should be given an antihistamine (taken within a week);
• during the preparation period, new foods should not be introduced into the baby's diet;
• if the child is predisposed to febrile seizures an antipyretic should be taken immediately after vaccination;
• take blood and urine tests the day before;
• prepare an antipyretic and analgesic drug (Nurofen, Panadol) in case the temperature rises;
• undergo a medical examination, inform the pediatrician if the day before the child had diarrhea or other malaise;
• do not swim for three days after the injection;
• after the injection, you do not need to immediately leave the clinic - in case of a negative reaction and a sharp deterioration in well-being, the child will be immediately helped here.

How is the vaccine tolerated by children of different ages?

Negative reactions to the MMR vaccine are often observed, because they contain components of dangerous infections.

When foreign agents enter, the body begins to fight them:

• body temperature rises to create disastrous conditions for bacteria;
• weakness appears - all the forces of the child's body go to the synthesis of antibodies;
• appetite worsens, as energy is directed to fight infection.

Parents should be prepared for a possible reaction to the vaccine - an increase in temperature up to 40 ° C, the appearance small rash on the cheeks and neck, which will pass by itself within three days. Often parents confuse the side effects and complications of vaccinations. There should be no complications such as suppuration of the injection site, a rash all over the body.

Normal reaction

What reaction to PDA is considered normal? It may be completely absent or appear slightly. Parents panic even at the slightest change in temperature, so you should figure out what doctors consider normal:

• slight swelling, increased sensitivity of tissues in the injection area;
• subfebrile temperature (37-37.5 °C) after MMR vaccination during the first 5 days;
• moderate joint pain;
• headache and cough;
• anxiety, capriciousness of the child;
• rashes on the cheeks, neck, palms - as a reaction to the measles antigen (rare).

Within 5 days after PDA, a slight increase in temperature is possible

Possible Complications

Complications after a PDA injection can be very dangerous, posing a threat to life and health. The most common include:

• any severe pain which cannot be removed with Ibuprofen, Paracetamol;
• temperature above 39 ° C and convulsions associated with it;
• severe vomiting, diarrhea;
• lowering blood pressure;
• mild measles, rubella or mumps;
• nosebleeds;
• intracranial hemorrhages;
• bronchospasm;
• bruising and bleeding for no reason;
• rash over the body, like hives;
• post-vaccination encephalitis (in 1% of cases).

With any deterioration in well-being (high temperature, vomiting, loss of consciousness, rapid breathing, bronchospasm), actions should be extremely fast. It is important to give the child an antihistamine and urgently call an ambulance.

In a conversation with a doctor, be sure to indicate the time when the vaccine was given, and describe in detail all the symptoms that occurred after the injection.

How to deal with side effects after vaccination?

The reaction to the vaccine may be lightning fast or occur within 5-10 days after the injection. A light diet and plenty of fluids will help ease the baby's condition after vaccination. Immunity at this time is weakened, so you should limit contact with other children and avoid visiting crowded places.

You can walk, because fresh air and physical activity are good for the child. However, do not play with other children, so as not to get SARS. It is impossible to allow overheating and hypothermia of the child. You can swim after 3 days. After vaccination, the child is not contagious.

What should parents do if negative reactions could not be avoided? When a baby has a fever, a rash appears all over the body, vomiting and diarrhea occur, an allergic reaction, neurological symptoms are observed, doctors strongly advise not to self-medicate. You should seek professional medical care- call an ambulance or take the baby to the hospital yourself.

Antipyretic for children Panadol

Before the arrival of the doctor, you should alleviate the condition of the baby. Panadol, Nurofen in the form of suppositories or suspensions will help relieve the heat by a few degrees. At elevated temperature(under 40 ºС) compresses should be used (add a spoonful of vinegar to a glass of water and mix). Put gauze soaked in the solution on the forehead and calves of the baby. Compresses need to be changed every 3-5 minutes.

After assessing the condition of the baby, the emergency doctor will prescribe a course of treatment or recommend hospitalization. In severe reactions will be assigned:

• with anaphylaxis - adrenaline injections;
• with loss of consciousness, cardiovascular insufficiency, respiratory failure - hospitalization;
• with itching and rash - antihistamines (Suprastin, Fenistil, Tsetrin and others).

If the reaction to the vaccine is insignificant, there is redness, swelling in the injection area, muscle pain, fever up to 39ºС, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen) should be taken. If after two days the condition does not improve (the fever persists up to 38.5 ºС, bleeding or swelling in the injection area does not disappear), you should immediately show the baby to the doctor.

The MMR vaccine is one of the mandatory vaccination schedules. It protects against 95% of cases. infectious diseases and the complications they cause. Getting vaccinated is much safer than getting infections and getting complications. Subject to preventive measures and medical recommendations, vaccination will be beneficial and provide reliable protection against infections.

So, we continue to discuss the nuances of MMR vaccination for children and adults as part of national calendar and on special occasions. It is important to remember that for any vaccination there are indications and contraindications, side effects and possible reactions to the introduction. We will talk about them today with you.

Preparation for vaccination.
In order to vaccinate healthy children or adults against measles, rubella and mumps, no preliminary preparation is required. It is only important that there are no colds for at least two weeks before vaccination and on the day of vaccination. In order to prevent negative reactions of the body when vaccinated, special approaches can be used for special groups of patients. So, in children who have allergic reactions, anti-allergy drugs can be prescribed, which must be taken three days before the vaccine is given. Children with lesions of the nervous system or chronic somatic diseases for the time of possible vaccine reactions, up to 14 days from the moment of vaccine administration, therapy is carried out that will prevent exacerbations of a neurological or somatic disease.

In the group of frequently ill and debilitated children for the prevention of respiratory tract infections or exacerbations in the foci chronic infections in the form of sinusitis, adenoiditis, general strengthening therapy is used by the doctor two days before vaccination and for the entire period of the vaccination process of 12-14 days from the moment the drug is administered. It is important, before and after vaccination, to avoid contact with people who show signs of any infections during the week before and two weeks after vaccination. It is worth refusing to travel and visit crowded places with such a child. Also, you should not start visiting children's institutions for the first time after vaccination for at least a week. This will help reduce the risk of negative reactions during vaccination to a minimum.

When is PDA contraindicated?
All contraindications against measles + mumps + rubella can be divided into a group of temporary and permanent contraindications. This must be taken into account in order to avoid complications and development serious problems health after vaccination. Temporary contraindications to MMR vaccination include:
- periods of exacerbation of existing somatic or other diseases until they are completely stabilized and go into remission
- a woman is pregnant
- the introduction of blood products, blood transfusion, the introduction of gamma globulin preparations. Vaccination is delayed for at least a month from the date of administration
- the introduction of a vaccine against tuberculosis or mantoux, a disakin test. To develop immunity, live measles vaccine may be subject to ongoing TB testing and vaccination. These two processes must be carried out at intervals of at least 4-6 weeks from each other. But there is no evidence that the introduction of the MMR vaccine will have a negative impact on the course of existing tuberculosis. But she can distort the reactions to it (giving false results).

Permanent contraindications for MMR vaccination will be such cases as:
- the presence of allergic reactions to the antibiotics gentamicin, neomycin or kanamycin
- allergy to the protein of chicken or quail eggs
- a history of severe anaphylactic reactions in the form of shock or angioedema
- the development of oncological diseases, existing neoplasms
- severe reactions to previously administered doses of the vaccine
- low platelet count in peripheral blood count
- HIV-infected, people with a lesion immune system after organ transplant.

What are the side effects of COC.
There are some side effects that you should be aware of when administering the vaccine. Reactions to vaccination develop within 5-15 days, and these reactions are called delayed due to the fact that the vaccine contains live, but at the same time highly attenuated viruses from three diseases. When they enter the body of an immunized person, they develop and give immunity reactions peaking at 5-15 days. This is normal and this is how immunity develops. To common side effects include:
- reaction in the injection area in the form of soreness, the formation of a seal, slight infiltration and swelling of the tissues. Such a reaction can form from the first day after the introduction of the vaccine, this reaction passes on its own, nothing needs to be done.

The development of a temperature reaction in approximately 10-15% of cases occurs after vaccination in children, especially for the measles component. In this case, the temperature can even be high and this is quite normal. It occurs within the period from the 5th to the 15th day from the moment of injection. Such a fever usually lasts one or two days, it never lasts more than five days in principle. The temperature can reach up to 39.0, but usually rises slightly. Toddlers early age against the background of fever, convulsions may occur, which are not related to pathology, but are only a consequence of febrile reactions. They can occur together with the temperature for 8-14 days from the moment of injection. Such reactions are extremely rare and almost never have any health consequences in the future. An increase in temperature is a normal course of the immune process, it is not recommended to bring it down. If there is a need for this, Nurofen or paracetamol is used in suppositories or syrups.

Against the background of vaccination in the first couple of days, a cough with a slight sore throat may occur, this does not require concern and goes away on its own. A mild rash may also occur on the surface of the body or on separate parts - on the face, behind the ears, in the neck or arms, back or buttocks. The spots are small, difficult to distinguish from the surface of the skin, painted in a pale pink color. Such a rash is not dangerous, and it passes on its own, it does not need to be treated with anything. These are normal reactions of the body to the introduction of the vaccine, they are not dangerous for children and adults, when a rash appears, people with the vaccine are not contagious and do not spread viruses to others. Lymph nodes in the parotid area may also slightly increase as a reaction to the mumps component of the vaccine. They are not painful, not dangerous, and such a reaction passes on its own.

The development of allergic reactions to the introduction of the vaccine. If a person has allergic reactions to antibiotics of the neomycin group or has an allergy to hen's egg protein, such a person will be in the group high risk on the development of allergic reactions to the introduction of vaccinations. When they are given a vaccine without taking into account contraindications, there may be anaphylactic shock, but if a person is not allergic, then the risks of allergies are not at all high. A mild allergic reaction, which may include itching and rash, may develop in some children, up to about 5% of children have such reactions when vaccinated with a live vaccine, especially with a measles component. Other components of the vaccine give little or no reaction.

Formation of pain in the joints. This complication usually occurs in adulthood, and such patterns have been identified that the older the age of the person who is vaccinated, the more often such pains occur. After 25 years, these reactions occur in a quarter of those vaccinated. This occurs more often in women and joint pain can occur from one day to three weeks, but they do not interfere with normal life, are not very pronounced and do not lead to any consequences. They usually occur with the rubella component of the vaccine or with rubella vaccine alone.

The development of a special condition of ITP (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura). This complication occurs approximately once in 22,500 vaccine administrations. This leads to a violation of blood clotting and its rare form. In this condition, blood platelets are affected and this results in the development of bruises, changes in skin color that spread throughout the body. There may also be nosebleeds or tiny pinpoint hemorrhages in the skin, like needle pricks, which are not hard and go away fairly quickly. With the development of such infections, these reactions are usually expressed strongly and violently.

All these complications and reactions will reflect the course of active formation of immunity in the body in response to the introduction of weakened viruses. None of these reactions need treatment, except for allergies and ITP, and after a few days they disappear without a trace, leading to strong immunity against infections.